Under The Knife, under hypnosis

• 06 August 2005

• Daniel Elkan is a freelance writer based in London

AS THE surgeon's knife cut into her chest, 46-year-old Pippa Plaisted should have been in agony. The 45-minute breast cancer operation she was undergoing at the Lister Hospital in London would normally have needed a general anaesthetic. But Plaisted had not been anaesthetised, nor given painkilling drugs of any sort.

Instead, hypnotherapist Charles Montigue stood at the operating table, his thumb resting on Plaisted's forehead, monitoring the hypnotic trance he had put her in minutes before the operation began. Eyes closed but awake, Plaisted could hear the surgeon calmly telling her, at each stage of the operation, what was going to happen next.

Plaisted had already used hypnotherapy to help overcome her fear of operations but had never tried it during surgery. It seemed a daring thing to do, but she was desperate to avoid conventional anaesthetics. She had had a series of operations, and after each one the drugs had left her feeling dizzy for months.

Astonishingly, the hypnosis succeeded in making her operation entirely pain-free. "The surgeon was cutting and sewing inside me, but I could not feel any sensation at all," Plaisted recalls. "After the operation I felt tired, but there was no nausea or wooziness. I had a clear head and felt totally normal."

For most people the idea of undergoing major surgery while conscious seems unthinkable, but Plaisted's use of hypnosis is no one-off. In Liege Hospital, Belgium, anaesthetists routinely use a procedure that they call "hypnosedation". They have found that when combined with local anaesthetic and much-reduced amounts of other analgesic drugs, medical hypnosis is an effective alternative to general anaesthesia. So far, the Liege team have used this technique in over 4800 major and minor operations. Now other hospital departments are beginning to follow suit.

Given the advances in pharmacological anaesthetics in recent years, it seems odd that anaesthetists should even think of using hypnosis (see Timeline). During the 19th century, hypnosis was reportedly used as an anaesthetic in several hundred operations. However, with the discovery of chemical anaesthetics such as nitrous oxide and chloroform, the practice fell into disuse.

Still many anaesthetists harboured nagging doubts about the wisdom of putting people into a pharmacological coma. One of them was Marie-Elisabeth Faymonville, who now leads the Liege team. She noticed that patients often reported difficulty recovering, and when she had an operation under a general, she felt that her cognition and memory were affected. She started looking for an alternative and in 1992 began testing hypnosedation.

Faymonville's team still uses general anaesthesia when absolutely necessary, such as in stomach, chest or orthopaedic surgery where it is impossible to numb all the nerves with a local. She remains unconvinced, though, of the safety of general anaesthesia. "As anaesthesiologists, we are only really beginning to ask ourselves if it is really as harmless as we say it is," she says. "We know nothing about the long-term repercussions of these drugs on the brain." “The surgeon was cutting and sewing inside me, but I could not feel any sensation at all”

So far, studies into the long-term effects of general anaesthesia have been carried out mostly in animals or cell culture, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the effects on human health. "There are really only threads of evidence at this time," says anaesthetist Steffen Meiler of the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta. "We have a vast clinical record of the overall safety of general anaesthesia. But we have these intriguing strands of evidence."

Several studies, for example, have shown that people who have had general anaesthetic are more likely to develop neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's later in life. Last year, Roderic Eckenhoff of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia investigated whether the inhaled volatile anaesthetics, which make up the majority of the estimated 100 million general anaesthetics given worldwide each year, might be behind this association. He found that in cultured neurons even brief exposure to the anaesthetics halothane and isoflurane was enough to cause abnormal clumping of proteins. Eckenhoff suggests this mechanism could accelerate the development of neurodegenerative diseases (Anaesthesiology, vol 101, p 703).

Other potentially harmful effects relate to the way anaesthetics interact with the immune system. "An increasing body of evidence strongly suggests that volatile anaesthetics suppress adaptive immunity, an effect that can last for many days after surgery," Meiler says. Several studies have suggested that inhalable anaesthetics are capable of inducing programmed cell death in white blood cells.

Meiler believes these findings certainly merit larger, clinical studies. "We are a long way away from saying that volatile anaesthetics are bad for people," he says. "But we cannot ignore these data."

David Hatch, professional standards adviser at the Royal College of Anaesthetists in London, admits that too little is known about both the short and long-term health effects of anaesthetics. He says that although the overall risk of dying from general anaesthesia is about 1 in 200,000, the risk is higher for certain groups such as smokers and people with heart conditions or diabetes. "I think most anaesthetists recognise that there is a place for complementary therapies - increasingly so," he says. "I think hypnosis has a very valuable part to play. Most anaesthetists would not be opposed, and obviously hypnosis is very safe. The less drugs you can use, the better."

Comfortably numb

General anaesthetics are often used simply because the patient would prefer to be unconscious during the operation. Anaesthesiologist Lee Fleisher of the University of Pennsylvania estimates that about a third of operations done under general anaesthesia could actually be done under local.

Meanwhile, the Liege team are discovering that hypnosedation has some remarkable benefits. For a start, patients bleed less. This makes surgery easier to perform, particularly nose or breast operations, where incisions often lead to copious bleeding.

One reason for this reduced bleeding, Faymonville says, is that anaesthetic drugs inhibit the natural tendency for blood vessels to constrict in reaction to an incision. Patients under general anaesthesia also have to be ventilated with a respirator. "This creates a positive pressure in the chest, which increases bleeding," Faymonville says. "In hypnosedation patients breathe spontaneously."

Because hypnotised patients are conscious throughout the operation they can even cooperate with the surgeon. Dirk Hermes, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon at University Hospital Lübeck in Germany, is taking advantage of this. He often performs a surgical procedure to correct eyelids that are drooping due to old age or facial trauma. This sight-saving operation is tricky. The adjustment has to be perfect: too little and the patient cannot close their eyes properly; too much and the eyes cannot be fully opened. This is where it is helpful to have conscious patients. "It is a big, big benefit," says Hermes.

Hypnosedation also seems to improve recovery time. In 2000, Faymonville's team compared 20 patients undergoing thyroid surgery under hypnosedation with 20 patients undergoing the same surgery under general anaesthesia. Whereas the anaesthetised patients spent an average of 36 days recovering from the operation, those that had been hypnosedated returned to work after an average of only 10 days. The main difference, the team found, was a reduced level of inflammation in the hypnosedated group (Annales de Chirurgie, vol 125, p 539).

Hypnotherapists recognise four stages of hypnotic trance: hypnoid, light, medium and deep. For most operations, hypnoid or light trance are ideal, says Hermes. In these states the patient is relaxed, has little inclination to speak or move, and has a slower heartbeat and breathing rate. Deeper states take longer to induce and make the patient too distanced to be able to co-operate. However, in cases like Plaisted's where not even local anaesthetic is used, the patient needs to be in a medium or deep trance to blot out the pain.

To get patients into trance, Hermes first asks them to close their eyes and think of a situation where they feel secure and happy. "Most patients choose a holiday or a day at the beach," he says. Gradually slowing down his voice, Hermes gets patients to describe the sights, sounds, feel, smells and tastes of their imagined scenario, and then he repeats back to them what they have said. After several minutes of this, over 96 per cent of patients are able to arrive at a hypnoid or light trance.

Hermes has found that even when patients feel pain, it can be perceived benignly. He once performed major facial surgery on a patient who requested the smallest possible dose of local anaesthetic. When the operation was over, Hermes asked the patient whether he had felt any discomfort. "I didn't really have pain," the patient replied. "It was just that I lay in the sun too long and I got a terrible sunburn."

Neuroscientists are only just beginning to understand how hypnosis can reduce sensations of pain. In November, researchers at the University of Iowa in Iowa City published a study that used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the brain activity of hypnotised and non-hypnotised volunteers when they were exposed to painful heat. The fMRI images showed that brain activity in the two groups differed significantly. The response of their subcortical neural network, where pain signals start, was unaffected. However, there were remarkable differences in the higher parts of the pain network. Activity in the primary sensory cortex, the area responsible for feeling pain, was dampened down. Meanwhile, there was increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia. Sebastian Shulz-Stubner, who led the study, believes that this increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and basal ganglia may be suppressing activity in the primary sensory cortex (Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, vol 29, p 549).

Another fMRI experiment has shown that the hypnotised mind is consciously able to manipulate pain perception. In a study to be published later this year, a team led by Stuart Derbyshire of the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania hypnotised patients with fibromyalgia, a rheumatic condition that causes chronic pain in the extremities. Then he asked the patients to imagine a dial representing their pain. When they turned this imaginary dial down, the patient reported feeling less pain, and fMRI images confirmed that there was less activity in the brain areas responsible for pain. "There was a direct correlation between the subjective pain and the amount of activity in those pain areas," says team member David Oakley of University College London.

Whatever the mechanisms behind it, could hypnosis realistically replace a significant number of the 100 million general anaesthetics given worldwide each year? Sceptics point out that only a small proportion of people are easily hypnotised, making it largely impractical. According to David Rogerson, an anaesthetist and hypnotherapist at Derby City General Hospital in the UK, only 10 per cent of people are highly susceptible to hypnosis. "Those are the kind of people that a stage hypnotist will pick out of the audience," he says. The other 90 per cent, Rogerson says, will not be able to become sufficiently hypnotised to withstand the pain of surgery.

Not so, says Shulz-Stubner. He reckons that in an operating theatre, as many as 80 per cent of people can achieve the right level of hypnosis. Faymonville's results tell an even bigger success story: hypnosis has been successful in all but six of her patients. "The hypnotic state is a normal state that everyone can access if they want to," Faymonville says.

Another potential barrier to practicality is the amount of practice patients need before an operation. Many practitioners feel that dry runs are essential: Shulz-Stubner says that the minimum requirement is a practice session the night before. But Hatch points out that if pre-hypnosis is necessary, it would put a strain on hospital workloads and in many cases make it unfeasibly expensive.

Again, however, Faymonville's experience suggests otherwise. Her team does not perform dry runs. They explain the technique to their patients a couple of weeks before surgery, but only hypnosedate them for the first time 10 minutes before surgery. And in any case, as both Faymonville and Hermes have found, the extra time required to explain or administer hypnosis is more than made up by faster recovery periods. “The hypnotic state is a normal state that everyone can access if they want to”

Hypnosis can even be useful in emergency cases, Hermes says. Casualties who need surgery to close their wounds often have to be treated under local anaesthetic as they have eaten too recently to have a general, which can only be done on an empty stomach. "If the patient is very stressed and frightened, then I do hypnosis," says Hermes. But isn't it very difficult to hypnotise someone who is in that state? "Not at all," Hermes says. "The more stressed people are, the more thankful they are if you help them to relax and calm down."

Yet for all the apparent benefits, the medical establishment is still not taking hypnosis seriously. "It is sad that our medical colleagues still manage to ignore this, because it really helps a lot of patients," says Hermes. "Surgeons say that there are not enough valid clinical studies. Unfortunately, most studies are published in journals that an ordinary surgeon would not read." Hermes himself has had difficulty getting reports published in widely read surgical journals, and his previous boss was opposed to him introducing "funfair methods" into the hospital.

Patients, however, are much more open to the idea. "The acceptance of hypnosis in surgery is very high - far higher than you would expect," says Hermes. "To the public, hypnosis still has a very bad image. If you ask people in the street they will say it is something for TV shows. But I just tell my patients, 'Hypnosis is something serious and medical, it doesn't have anything to do with TV shows, and it works'." From issue 2511 of New Scientist magazine, 06 August 2005, page 34

Posted: Tue - August 30, 2005 at 11:33 PM

The mesmerized mind: scientists are unveiling how the brain works when hypnotized.

Mention hypnosis, and the image that springs to mind is a caped magician swinging a pocket watch, seducing otherwise sensible people into barking like dogs. But hypnosis is more than a stage show act. For years, psychologists have used it to help patients calm preflight jitters, get a good night's sleep or chuck a cigarette habit. Hypnosis even has uses in mainstream medicine for reducing the side effects of cancer treatments and helping patients cope with pain. Some physicians routinely employ hypnosis as an adjunct to mainstream anesthesia to help block pain during surgery or childbirth.

Most recently, hypnosis has advanced from stage and clinic into the laboratory. It is now used as a research tool to temporarily create hallucinations, compulsions, delusions and certain types of seizures in the lab so that these phenomena can be investigated in detail..

Such studies may lead to more effective treatments for a number of psychiatric and neurological disorders, assert psychologists Peter W. Halligan and David Oakley in the June issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

Other scientists, intrigued by the many practical uses of hypnosis, are striving to figure out how it works. Using the latest neuroimaging tools, these scientists are getting a look at what goes on in the hypnotized brain. The findings are mesmerizing.

When hypnotized people act on a hypnotic suggestion, they really do see, hear and feel differently, such research shows. When they're told to see colors, for example, the color-processing parts of their brains light up--despite the absence of any real color in view. When they are told to envision color objects in black and white, these color-processing areas are less active. Other imaging studies show that hypnotically induced pain activates the same brain areas as "real" pain. Still, questions remain, says Halligan, of Cardiff University in Wales, who has studied hypnosis for more than a decade. Scientists have yet to discover how hypnosis produces physiological changes. And some scientists question whether such changes are confined to hypnosis. Perhaps the patterns of brain activity seen during hypnosis can occur during everyday experiences when people are fully absorbed in an activity, some researchers say.

The real question, says Halligan, is whether hypnosis is a specific brain state that differs from any other.

"In other words, is there some sort of neural correlate, or biological marker, within the brain during a hypnotic trance?" he asks.

The answer so far, emerging from studies done during the past few years, is maybe. New research at the University of Geneva suggests that hypnosis alters neural activity by rerouting some of the usual connections between brain regions. Such neurological detours don't happen when subjects merely imagine a scenario.

Changing your mind

Hypnosis got its start as a "miracle cure" in 1774, when physician Franz Mesmer found away, using ethereal music played on a glass harmonica, to induce a hypnotic trance in patients suffering from various unexplained medical problems. Though eventually discredited as a healer, Mesmer demonstrated that the mind could be manipulated by suggestion to produce an effect in the body. So powerful is this effect that the practice was resurrected in the 19th century, before the discovery of ether, to block pain during major surgeries.

In this mysterious state of mind, the brain is "quiet" focused and superattentive. People sometimes report feeling disconnected from their surroundings and lost in thought. During hypnosis, subjects are more open than usual to suggestions and have the ability to focus intensely on a specific thought, feeling or sensation.

Most adults, about two-thirds, are hypnotizable to some degree, though some people experience the effects of hypnosis more intensely than others do, says David Spiegel, a psychiatrist at Stanford University School of Medicine who uses hypnosis in his medical practice. Ten to 15 percent of adults are "highly hypnotizable," he says, meaning they can experience dramatic changes in perception with hypnosis.

A person's ability to become hypnotized is unrelated to intelligence, compliancy or gullibility, but may be linked to an ability to become deeply absorbed in activities such as reading listening to music or daydreaming. People who find themselves engrossed in a best seller even while the television is blaring, or swept away by a movie and losing track of time, are likely to be quite hypnotizable.

During hypnosis, the hypnotherapist tries to direct thoughts, feelings and behavior by instructing a person to concentrate on particular images or ideas. A typical session starts with some sort of induction procedure that helps the subject relax--say, counting down from 20 to one or mentally descending a set of stairs.

To produce a specific behavior or thought, the hypnotherapist will make suggestions targeted toward the goal. To reduce the pain of a medical procedure, for example, a hypnotherapist might invoke an image of pain being turned down like the volume on a radio.

Over the years, rigorously controlled studies have shown that hypnosis can also control blood pressure and even make warts go away. But because very few studies have attempted to find out how it works, some scientists are still skeptical of its power.

Critics suggest hypnosis is nothing more than playacting, with subjects trying to please the hypnotist. That skepticism has driven some researchers to take a hard look at what happens in the brain during hypnosis. Over the past few years, scientists have begun gathering evidence that hypnosis can indeed measurably change how the brain works.

In 2005, scientists at Weill Medical College of Cornell University in New York City used functional MRI to show how hypnotic suggestions can override "automatic" processes in the brain. When shown the names of colors printed in different colors of ink--for example, the word red printed in blue--subjects were instructed to name the ink color while ignoring the word.

Though this task may sound easy, it's often difficult for people who can read because the tendency is to automatically read the word instead of naming the color. When told under hypnosis that the words would appear as gibberish, highly hypnotizable subjects were able to perform the task faster, and with fewer errors, than subjects who were less hypnotizable and therefore less likely to respond to suggestion.

The fMRI results were also striking. Highly hypnotizable participants showed less activity in a brain area called the anterior cingulate cortex, which is active when people are trying to sort out conflicting information from different sources, such as contradictory word names and colors. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Going deeper

Scientists agree that there is a pattern or "orchestra" of brain activity during hypnosis. Halligan and his colleagues are working to figure out what this particular pattern might be, and which--if any--brain region serves as conductor. As part of a collaboration with psychiatrist Quinton Deeley of King's College London, the researchers are looking at how patterns of brain activity in the induction phase--the countdown--prepare the brain for suggestions.

Preliminary findings suggest that hypnosis boosts activity in the brain's prefrontal cortex--a region responsible for various executive functions such as decision making and regulating attention--while suppressing activity in other brain regions.

Still, researchers are stumped to explain how these changes in brain patterns work to make hypnotized people feel and see things differently. Recent theories, discussed in the article in Trends by Halligan and Oakley, of University College London, propose that hypnotic suggestions may inhibit or disconnect certain mental processes from the brain's executive control systems.

Until recently, such hypotheses had remained untested. But in the June 25 issue of Neuron, Yann Cojan of the University of Geneva and colleagues report a direct test.

The researchers put 18 subjects in a brain scanner, instructing them to push a button using one hand or the other. Each trial began with a cue indicating which hand to prepare for movement. After a brief interval, an image of a hand would turn green--signaling to press the button--or red, a command to inhibit any motion. Twelve subjects did half of the trials while hypnotized, with the suggestion that their left hand was "paralyzed," and the other half in a normal, unhypnotized state. Six subjects did trials without hypnosis under instructions to pretend their left hand was paralyzed.

When volunteers used their right hands, the motor cortex linked up with brain regions that control body movement to carry out the task.

But fMRI scans showed changes in several brain areas when hypnotic paralysis prevented subjects from responding to the "go" signal with their left hands. Under hypnosis, neurons in the brain's motor cortex fired up as usual to prepare for the task. But when instructed to use the left, or "paralyzed" hand, the motor cortex failed to send signals to motor execution regions. Instead, it directed its signals to another brain region, the precuneus.

The precuneus is a sort of center for self-consciousness. If you've ever-pictured yourself falling flat on your face in the middle of an important event, that's your precuneus working overtime. Its function is to help retrieve memories and images of yourself from the brain's archives and help to visualize movements.

By rerouting motor signals to the precuneus, hypnosis appeared to decouple the typical relationship between brain areas that generate the signals for hand movement and the areas that carry out such movements. Subjects who were not hypnotized and were asked to fake paralysis showed no such disconnect between these regions.

Because the precuneus is involved in mental imagery and self-awareness, Cojan says, hypnosis appeared to enhance the brain's self-monitoring processes to allow images generated by suggestion--"your hand is heavy and cannot move"--to guide behavior.

By linking to the precuneus, "the motor cortex is connected to the idea that it cannot move the left hand" Cojan says. "So even if you try to move, it will neglect to send signals to the motor execution areas."

Because the motor cortex fired up as usual to prepare for the task, the findings suggest that mental images created through hypnotic suggestions work by redirecting normal brain functions rather than actively suppressing them, he adds.

Generating piece of mind

Using insights gleaned from the brain scans of subjects paralyzed under hypnosis, Cojan conducted a follow-up study to see whether something like hypnosis happens in the brains of patients during hysterical paralysis. In such instances, patients become paralyzed even though the condition can't be traced to any physical or neurological brain damage.

An fMRI study of patients with hysterical hand paralysis did not find the heightened precuneus activity that is seen in hypnosis, Cojan's group reported in the September NeuroImage.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Previously, it had been suggested that hysterical paralysis was "a kind of self-hypnosis," Cojan says. "Our findings show that's not the case."

Halligan points to the recent paralysis studies as examples of how hypnosis can be used to further studies on the nature of hypnosis and to provide insights on a variety of real-life syndromes and disorders.

In 2000, he and Oakley began looking at ways to use hypnosis to simulate psychosomatic conditions, such as hysterical paralysis or hysterical blindness, in the lab. By creating virtual patients through hypnosis, scientists might be able to better understand the basis for such disorders by comparing patients' brains with hypnotized brains, the researchers reckoned.

Deeley, who treats psychiatric patients at his private practice in London, says using hypnosis also allows him to track brain processes involved in other kinds of disorders that would not ordinarily be possible to study with brain imaging.

In an ongoing series of experiments, he and his colleagues are using hypnosis to study conditions in which patients sense a "lack of control" over their movements or behavior. Such perceptual experiences may be reported by people who experience nonepileptic seizures or who suffer delusions caused by schizophrenia.

By making some targeted suggestions--"Your left hand is now shaking at your side" or "Your right leg is twitching"--the scientists can model a particular symptom in a consistent and controlled way, Deeley says.

"You can't have somebody having a full-blown seizure within an MRI scanner," he says. "It's not safe because they're moving fast, and you wouldn't get any useful information. But if you actually restrict an involuntary movement to a particular limb or a hand, it is possible to create a partial model of these involuntary movements."

Another advantage of hypnosis is that it allows researchers to untangle the many components that make up a complex disorder, such as schizophrenia. In such cases, patients may feel not only that they're losing control, but also that their actions or behavior are guided by an outside force or agent, such as the CIA.

Scientists then have the problem of sorting out whether a change in brain activity is associated with the physical experience of a movement or whether it is tied to the delusional beliefs behind the movement.

"In such cases, you've got two processes going on associated with complex change in brain activity, and you just can't unpack them in terms of working out what's associated with what," Deeley says.

Experimental manipulations using hypnosis could provide a window into a wide range of disorders, he says, and could help explain other types of altered states, such as meditation.

Halligan agrees, noting that hypnosis could be used to simulate various disorders commonly associated with brain injury, such as visual impairment. In a recent study, he used hypnotic suggestions to replicate conditions described by injured soldiers who are still capable of detecting motion in certain visual fields but are unable to make out any distinguishing features of the moving object.

"That's not to say that the same psychological consequences of pathology seen in patients are somehow replicated in hypnosis," Halligan says. "But using hypnosis to simulate a specific condition for imaging may tell us which brain systems are involved." This information may then feed back into the development of new treatments and rehabilitation tools, he says.

Such advancements, however, hinge on learning more about the underlying processes involved in hypnosis itself. Current efforts may help scientists differentiate between the brain structures that play a role in hypnosis and those that are involved in the tasks subjects are asked to perform.

"These are still early days," Halligan says, noting that it has yet to be seen how well hypnotically simulated disorders will actually match the conditions they're intended to mimic. Still, he says, hypnosis provides a way to "test and probe."

Best of all, no pocket watches are involved.

Your brain on hypnosis

Studies show hypnosis reroutes brain signals. Hypnotized people who are told that their left hand is paralyzed show brain patterns (yellow) that differ from those who aren't hypnotized (red) and from those who aren't hypnotized but are told to pretend their left hand is paralyzed (green).

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

When told to move their right or "unparalyzed" hand, the motor cortex fired up in all subjects to prepare the hand to move.

When told to move the left hand, the motor cortex again got ready to move in all subjects.

In hypnotized subjects told to move their left, "paralyzed" hand, the motor cortex routed signals to the precuneus, an area involved in mental imagery and memory about oneself. Pretenders (green) did not use the precuneus.

Explore more

* Explore the science behind hypnosis at the Hypnosis and Suggestion website: www.hypnosisandsuggestion.org

Illustration by Lou Beach

Susan Gaidos is a freelance science writer based in Maine.

Well known expert offering free Irritable Bowel Syndrome Advice

From IN2TOWN LIFESTYLE January 29th 2010 A well known IBS expert as seen on television is offering people who suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome a free one hour consultation over the phone in her effort to make more people aware of what Irritable Bowel Syndrome is and how Irritable Bowel Syndrome therapy can help sufferers.

 

Claire Hegarty who is offering people a free one hour consultation over the phone by phoning 0151 678 3358 or by visiting www.clairehegarty.co.uk said: "Irritable Bowel Syndrome is not an illness many people know about or even understand and even less people know that Hypnotherapy and complimentary Health can help people who suffer from what is more commonly known as IBS."

Hypnotherapy has become a natural way of dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome like acupuncture, which has become very popular for different illnesses and health problems, it was until a few years ago not properly understood how acupuncture can help but now thousands and thousands of people go for acupuncture treatment and this is happening with Hypnotherapy for IBS More and more people are now becoming familiar that Hypnotherapy can help with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and this is why more and more doctors and information their patients that they can see a complimentary health expert who can help them with IBS.

Hypnotherapy allows a person to tap into a special mental state (the subconscious level of their mind), allowing them to alter the way in which they consciously perceive their health problems, and encourages them to respond to these problems in new ways.

How? While they are in this special mental state, the person is given verbal suggestions or provided imagery to assist them in finding relief from their symptoms. The stimulation that the person under hypnosis receives from words and images has a significant impact on the way they function mentally and physically.

For instance, imagery used during hypnotherapy for IBS patients would be images that encourage healing. Depending on what the image is, the patient may imagine their intestines expanding and relaxing to let fluids flow through. Hence, this imagery is meant to help the patient with their constipation problem.

Why is hypnotherapy an effective IBS treatment?

The reason is because hypnosis is a therapy that can help both the body and the mind. Think of hypnosis as a treatment that helps a person put mind over matter. In other words, it’s a way to use the mind to help heal physical ailments. Furthermore, many researchers believe IBS is a primary disorder of the brain/gut axis.

The what? The brain/gut axis is the term given to the important relationship between the events that have an affect on the way the central nervous system (brain) functions, and how this resulting function affects the way the intestines function through the intestinal specialized enteric nervous system. Essentially, the mind and body are connected. The state of one’s mind can have positive or negative affects on the way the body functions.

For many IBS sufferers, one of the best benefits of hypnotherapy are its ability to reduce the hold stress has on them. Most people with IBS are plagued by negative emotions such as anxiety, tension, and depression, all symptoms of stress that are caused by having to live with an incurable condition. Stress can cause chemical imbalances within the brain that can undermine the immune system and cause an IBS flare up. Hypnosis can decrease the stress one feels about IBS and help a person realize and explore new thoughts and strategies about how to cope with the illness. Hypnotherapy turns the negative to positive.

Over the course of 15 years, numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of hypnotherapy on people with IBS. The results have been very successful. In fact, hypnotherapy regularly generates long-term positive results in more than 80% of those who are treated with it.

As an additional bonus, hypnotherapy is safe for all ages, and works on 90% of the population. Keep in mind, that like most types of natural remedy for IBS, hypnotherapy usually requires more than one session to be successful and maintain its effectiveness.

Free Consultation for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. If you would like a free consultation in IBS then please call 0151 678 3358 or visitwww.clairehegarty.co.uk

Harvard Medical School Psychologist Releases Free Online Version Of Best Selling Book, "Skin Deep"

Saturday, 23 January 2010

Skin Deep: A Mind-Body Program for Healthy Skin debuted today as a free e-book available for download. Its author, Dr. Ted Grossbart, is a well-known psychologist and Harvard Medical School professor who teaches patients to use the power of their minds to heal chronic skin conditions.

 

The book, co-authored with Dr. Carl Sherman and first published in 1986, has become an indispensable resource for readers dealing with persistent skin problems who are looking to better understand their causes and become active agents in their own treatment and recovery.

“Since the first edition came out nearly 24 years ago, the book has been helping readers who are struggling with skin problems. It is my hope that its availability as a free, downloadable e-book will allow greater numbers of readers access to the mind/body solutions that have been so effective in my private practice,” said Grossbart. “Emotional stress not only triggers many major skin diseases, but it can keep even the most high tech medical treatment from working. However, this same mind-body link can be reversed to work in the positive direction, and the very same people who are most prone to the negative effects of stress are often the most adept at using the positive techniques.”

The book includes chapters on how to “listen” to your own skin, how your symptoms are tied to your stress levels, and using techniques like relaxation, meditation, hypnosis, and psychotherapy.

Major skin diseases like eczema, warts, psoriasis, hives, acne, and allergies have all been helped using these approaches. Behavioral conditions including compulsive skin picking and trichotillomania (hair pulling) are a growing focus of Dr. Grossbart’s practice. Dr. Grossbart offers the Skin Deep program both in-office and to patients from around the world by telephone.

To download a copy of the e-book, visit www.grossbart.com. The Health Press paperback and Amazon Kindle editions are also available there.

About Dr. Ted Grossbart

Ted A. Grossbart, Ph.D. is an author and licensed clinical psychologist in private practice in Boston. He is a senior clinical supervisor at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center and the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, and an Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychology at Harvard Medical School. A Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Michigan, he received his M.A. and Ph.D. in clinical psychology from Boston University.

Dr. Grossbart practices short-term and long-term psychotherapy. He also treats major skin, allergic, and other stress-triggered disorders. He continues to pioneer the use of a wide range of mind/body treatments including relaxation, imaging, meditation, hypnosis and self-hypnosis, and psychotherapy in these areas.

 

Three New Books by Adler School Faculty Members Apply Adlerian Psychology Insights to Contemporary Issues

The Adler School of Professional Psychology announces the newly published works of three faculty members – Shaifali Sandhya, Ph.D., Stephen Kahn, Ph.D., and Thor M. Johansen, Psy.D. – applying the academic and clinical insights of professional psychology to contemporary issues of culture, religion and therapy.

 

(PRWEB) January 24, 2010 -- The Adler School of Professional Psychology is pleased to announce the newly published works of three faculty members – Shaifali Sandhya, Ph.D., Stephen Kahn, Ph.D., and Thor M. Johansen, Psy.D. – applying the academic and clinical insights of professional psychology to contemporary issues of culture, religion and therapy.

Dr. Shaifali Sandhya’s book, “Love Will Follow: Why the Indian Marriage is Burning,” published October 2009 by Random House India, is a first-of-its-kind clinical and cultural study of the lives of middle class married Indians, living in India and abroad. For the book, which explores the relationships between husbands and wives, Dr. Sandhya conducted 400 interviews with Indian couples about sex, love and marital issues. The book has been well received, and has garnered recognition in India Today Magazine, Air India’s in-flight magazine, and Asian Age Newspaper. Dr. Sandhya, a former Andrew Mellon Fellow at the University of Chicago, also facilitates discussion of her book on a dedicated Facebook group page.

In his book, “Religion and Spirituality in Psychotherapy: An Individual Psychology Perspective,” fifth edition, published December 2009 by Springer Publishing Company, Dr. Thor M. Johansen provides methods and case examples as guidelines for applying Adlerian psychological practices to clients of each of the world’s major religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. He offers insight into the traditions, theories, and values of each religion, offering new possibilities for mental health professionals seeking to adapt traditional therapy and counseling to more fully understand and help clients with spiritual and psychological issues.

Dr. Stephen Kahn, director of the Adler School’s Clinical Hypnosis program, advocates for integration of hypnotic techniques with standard medical care in a book he co-authored, “Medical Hypnosis Primer: Clinical and Research Evidence,” published in 2010 by Routledge. The book explains the greatly misunderstood field of medical hypnosis and encourages mental healthcare practitioners to learn how to use hypnosis for a wide range of disorders. Dr. Kahn provides an overview of clinical and research evidence to support use of medical hypnosis in treating stress and anxiety issues.

“Our faculty publishing accomplishments enrich both the education of our students and the depth of our academic curriculum,” said Martha Casazza, Ed.D., vice president of the School’s Academic Affairs “They also help to broaden the relevance of socially responsible psychology as it is practiced locally, nationally and around the globe.” About the Authors:

  • Dr. Sandhya is a core faculty member in the doctoral program of Clinical Psychology at the Adler School, she teaches culture, globalization, and social psychology. Her research interests include topics such as intimate relationships, culture, and leadership. Dr. Sandhya also is the director of CARE Family Consultation, a boutique relational consultancy firm specializing in issues related to fragile marriages and complex family matters in Delhi, India and Chicago.
  • Dr. Johansen, an adjunct faculty member at the School, is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, providing therapy in outpatient clinical settings, inpatient psychiatric settings, and college counseling centers. He has published several professional articles on misbehavior in children, psychotherapy, hypnosis, and religion.
  • Dr. Kahn is a part-time program faculty member and coordinator of the Clinical Hypnosis Program at the School. He is a licensed clinical psychologist and serves as Chair of the Clinical Practices Section at the Illinois Psychological Association.

More about the Adler School of Professional Psychology: The Adler School of Professional Psychology has provided quality education through a Scholar/Practitioner model for over 50 years. The School’s mission is to train socially responsible graduates who practice psychology throughout the world. The Adler School has ten graduate-level programs with approximately 900 students enrolled at the main campus in Chicago and a second campus in Vancouver, British Columbia.

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What You Focus on You Amplify : Clinical Hypnosis Enhances

The Social Side of Depression

Depression is about much more than "bad chemistry"--and it's contagious. How you can help stop the spread.

by 

Michael D. Yapko, Ph.D.

Published on January 4, 2010

Happy New Year! This first blog of the new decade is all about developing the kind of focus that can not only help you feel better, but be better. I have much more than a casual interest in the topic of how your focus influences your life experience: For nearly three decades, I have focused on two primary domains of professional interest: Applying clinical hypnosis in short term psychotherapies, and treating depression in individuals, couples and families. I have written many times on depression already, but a blog on the merits of clinical hypnosis is long overdue.

The field of clinical hypnosis has undergone a quiet revolution from seemingly being little more than a party gimmick to an established and vital component of behavioral medicine programs in the finest academic and clinical institutions you can name, including Harvard, Yale and Stanford. There are sophisticated scientific journals dedicated solely to advancing clinical practice on the basis of research into hypnotic phenomena. There are national and international meetings devoted entirely to the subject of how hypnosis informs clinical practice and illuminates complex mind-body relationships. Someone unfamiliar with hypnosis might be surprised to discover that hypnosis has been subjected to a wide variety of empirical investigations, particularly clinical and neuroscientific ones, attempting to better understand how a clinician’s words can become the basis for seemingly remarkable experiences in a focused client.

Hypnosis involves selective attention, a narrowing of focus and an increased absorption in suggested experiences. Contrary to popular mythology, people absorbed in the experience of hypnosis are fully aware of what’s going on and are fully in charge of themselves. But, they are deeply focused on listening to and absorbing the therapeutic ideas the clinician introduces, taking them in and using them at more profound levels than they otherwise might. Hypnosis isn’t magic; Hypnosis simply amplifies what goes on in any good therapy when a skilled clinician introduces new possibilities to a client seeking positive change.

Hypnosis is not generally regarded as a therapy in and of itself. Rather, it is considered a therapeutic tool for creating a more relaxed, focused and attentive context for absorbing the therapy. Thus, the salient question to ask is not, “How does hypnosis compare to cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) (or some other specific form of therapy) in treatment success rates?”  Rather, the appropriate question is, “If CBT is performed withouthypnosis and CBT is performed with hypnosis, does the addition of hypnosis enhance the efficacy of the treatment?” The evidence is substantial that the answer is yes. (Clinicians reading this blog may be interested in a detailed review of the status of hypnosis as an empirically supported treatment for a variety of medical and psychological disorders which were published in the April and July, 2007, special issues of theInternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.) No treatment is successful with all people, of course, but the ability of hypnosis to enhance treatment results in most individuals is impressive.

Hypnosis sessions are most effective when structured according to the unique profile of the client. This includes things like the client’s goals for the session, attentional capabilities,  cognitive style,  and personal interests.  Generally, hypnosis sessions are about 20-30 minutes in length, embedded within the larger therapy session. Hypnotic procedures typically involve directing the client to close his or her eyes, relax, focus intently on the clinician’s words, and actively engage in the internal process of adapting the ideas and perspectives the clinician offers into a meaningful approach to resolving or changing the specific problems or symptoms under consideration. As a common example, a clinician might suggest to a client in hypnosis the idea that he or she be more deliberate about gathering objective information(“reality testing”) beforejumping to an erroneous and self-damaging conclusion, an unfortunate but typical cognitive pattern often associated with depression.  Of course, this is the same sensible idea a clinician might suggest without the benefit of hypnosis, but the client’s absorption of the message is considerably more rapid and intense when focused in hypnosis.

Most interestingly, responses occur at levels outside of the client’s awareness that further intensify the hypnotic experience. Suggesting to a client in pain, for example, that he or she can, “detach from your body and allow a comfortable sense of numbness to gradually replace the discomfort” is not a rational suggestion to offer. But, to the person in hypnosis, it is one he or she can absorb and respond to with the development of an analgesia sufficient to even withstand surgical procedures done without the use of chemical anesthetics. That’s remarkable!  How this change in sensory awareness occurs is poorly understood at this time. There are neuroscientific studies going on all over the world employing sophisticated scanning technologies with hypnotized research subjects to try and understand how the mind in hypnosis can influence the brain in such extraordinary ways.

Anyone who practices clinical hypnosis does so with the firmly entrenched and therapeutically invaluable belief that people have many more abilities than they consciously realize. Hypnosis creates an amplified experience for people to explore, discover, and use more of their innate abilities. Hypnosis also makes it easier to learn new skills.   Hypnosis isn’t the therapy, and hypnosis itself cures nothing. Rather, hypnosis is the vehicle for empowering people with the abilities and realizations that ultimately serve to help them. It isn’t the experience of hypnosis itself that’s therapeutic, it’s what happens during hypnosis in terms of developing new and helpful associations.

There are many ways to use hypnosis in treating depression including building positive expectations to counter hopelessness, reframing emotion-laden memories, enhancing perceptual flexibility, instilling better coping skills, and increasing self-efficacy. Hypnosis as a subject of serious study, both in clinical and neuroscientific domains, is already reaping great dividends, and as new applications emerge, hypnosis has great potential to help people in ways they may never have considered before. If you want to learn more about hypnosis, you can visit my website: www.yapko.com for materials and educational links.

One piece of advice: I’m obviously encouraging the use of hypnosis as an established  means of helping people feel and be better. But, I am strongly advocating that you only seek hypnosis from a well trained clinician. You may ask how to determine if someone is qualified and my answer is that the person must be qualified to do therapy without hypnosis before they are qualified to do therapy with hypnosis. In other words, only someone with a formal academic degree who is state licensed to provide health care. The practice of hypnosis is not regulated, and so there are  many people out there who do hypnosis with only titles (such as “certified hypnotherapist” ) despite having no degrees or licenses appropriate to conduct therapy. If you want a local referral, a good place to start is by visiting the website of the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis at www.asch.net or by calling your local medical or psychological associations. There you’ll find a referral list of professionals for you to interview as possible therapists to consult.

Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy

From The British Society of Clinical  Hypnosis BSCH.ORG.UK

It may be surprising to many to learn that we experience trance states often during the course of our lives. Even passing into ordinary sleep involves a kind of trance state. The experience of hypnosis is similar: neither asleep nor awake and a little like daydreaming, with a pleasant feeling of deep relaxation behind it all. Hypnosis is a different state of consciousness which you can naturally enter so that, for therapeutic purposes (hypnotherapy), beneficial corrections may be given directly to your unconscious mind.

 

In this way, hypnosis is an effective way of making contact with our inner (unconscious) self, which is both a reservoir of unrecognised potential and knowledge as well as being the unwitting source of many of our problems.

Realistically no-one can be hypnotised against their will and even when hypnotised, a person can still reject any suggestion. Thus hypnotherapy is a state of purposeful co-operation.

What is Hypnotherapy?

Hypnotherapy is using the state of hypnosis to treat a variety of medical and psychological problems. It is estimated that 85% of people will respond at some level to clinical hypnotherapy. It may even succeed where other more conventional methods of treatment have not produced the desired result. When carried out by a trained and qualified hypnotherapist the benefits can be long lasting and often permanent. It is natural and safe, with no harmful side effects.

Hypnotherapy makes use of the bicameral nature of the functioning brain and the conscious / unconscious processes therein. At its simplest level the unconscious mind becomes (through our life experience) the repository of our conditioned experience, while the conscious mind is the waking mind dealing with appraisal and decision making. In hypnotherapy the critical faculties of the conscious mind are sidestepped (through the hypnotic condition) and new ideas and 'suggestions' placed directly into the uncritical unconscious to effect beneficial changes when back in the waking state.

Clinical applications of Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy is medically accepted to benefit the following and more: unwanted habits - smoking, nail biting, bed wetting, weight control / healthy eating, improve work / study / sporting performance, boost self-confidence and achieving potential, phobias, compulsions, emotional problems, sleep problems, inhibitions, worries, reduce stress, tension and blood pressure, stomach problems, IBS, gynaecological problems - PMT, psychogenic infertility, obstetrics (painless childbirth), skin problems, pain control, minor surgery, dentistry, arthritic pains, aches and pains, some sexual problems...

Put simply, where your problem is due to habitual conditioning (habit formation), accumulated stress or unresolved events in your past then hypnotherapy can be used to access and reprogramme these complexes which are being sustained and remain active at the unconscious level.

 

Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc)

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Mind Update

matching the category Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc).

TED Talk On Biofeedback

If you haven’t viewed any of the TED videos, you’ve been missing out. There are some really stunning and thought-provoking ideas floating around.

Released this month is a short talk by neuroscientist Christopher deCharms, on the future of biofeedback technology. More specifically, he talks about the use of a rtfMRI, or “Real-time Functional MRI.”

Written by admin on March 30th, 2008 with 1 comment. Read more articles on All Posts and Biofeedback / Neurotherapy and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Neurotechnology and New Technology andVideos.

Thoughts on Mind-Gaming

Mind-based gaming is all over the news lately. The concept is being met with equal parts excitement, skepticism and downright paranoia. Who likes the idea of Microsoft “reading your thoughts”?

Of course, to those of us in the EEG industry, “mind gaming” is nothing new. On this blog I’ve written many posts about EEGs being used to play games, or move online avatars. You’ve seen Canadian Idol judges spar at MindBall. You’ve read about light-sabers coming to life using the mind alone. In fact our latest product Mind WorkStation is even capable brain-gaming by controlling on-screen visualizations. For example, one game involves starting a fire with nothing but brainwaves!

But, what this area has lacked thus far is a brain-computer interface that avoids the messy paste and exhaustive setup that most EEG units require. We need something that can just be slipped on and off. The device that looks like it will spearhead this new movement is the EPOC Neuroheadset from Emotiv.

Mind Hacks has a great write-up about the Emotiv technology here:http://www.mindhacks.com/blog/2008/03/playing_mind_games_.html

He brings up some good points about EEG gaming. Gamers expecting this headset to instantly transform them into Jedi masters will likely be disappointed. EEGs are measuring very minute electrical signals that have to first pass through the skull, and other biofeedback technologies have delay issues that will render them useless for the fast pace of most games.

These issues have caused some problems already, as shown in a recent Emotiv demo in San Francisco, where they had to resort to using a handheld controller in order to complete the game.

You can get an idea of the problems involved by looking at some demos uploaded to YouTube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDpmSiMiscA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59hgJlQ0tJI

Here is a better demo, but still illustrates how hard it is to use an EEG as a complex game controller: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxMux4uEkLI

Despite these problems, I do think mind gaming could be very successful if it is used in a way appropriate to the limitations of the technology. For example, it could easily be used to enhance the powers or abilities of certain characters in the game. In a Harry Potter game, the magic wand could be more powerful if the gamer produces a specific brainwave pattern. In a sports game, the team could run faster and score more if the gamer is in the “zone.” These types of uses, although less sexy than “moving things with your mind”, would actually be a much more realistic use of the technology.

Using neurofeedback-like technology for recreational gaming does bring up some concerns. Suppose, for example, a popular feature of a game - such as using objects or weapons - is triggered or enhanced by the production of theta waves. Given the addictive nature of games, I could easily see avid gamers developing ”brain fog” or other problems associated with excess slow-wave activity.

It will be interesting to see what happens when this technology is released to an unsupervised mass market. Perhaps the algorithms used, and the way the games are structured, will help mitigate any problems that could occur. I admit that the geek in me wants to get one of these things immediately.

Written by admin on March 24th, 2008 with 2 comments. Read more articles on All Posts and Neuro-Games / Brain Games and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Neurotechnology and New Technology andVideos.

Using gamma waves to distinguish false memories from real ones

New research from the University of Pennsylvania has unveiled distinct gamma brainwave patterns associated with memory formation and recall:

Patients volunteered to study lists of words which they were then asked to recall at a later time.  When asked to recall the studied words, participants recalled some number of correct items and also made a small number of errors, recalling words that had not appeared on the target list.

While patients performed the memory game, scientists observed electrical activity in their brains to determine whether specific brain waves were associated with successfully storing and retrieving memories. Researchers found that a fast brain wave, known as the gamma rhythm, increased when participants studied a word that they would later recall. The same gamma waves, whose voltage rises and fall between 50 and 100 times per second, also increased in the half-second prior to participants correctly recalling an item.

These analyses revealed that the same pattern of gamma band oscillatory activity in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and left temporal lobe that predicts successful memory formation also re-emerged at retrieval, distinguishing correct from incorrect responses, said Per B. Sederberg, lead author and former Penn neuroscientist now performing post-doctoral research at Princeton University.  The timing of these oscillatory effects suggests that self-cued memory retrieval initiates in the hippocampus and then spreads to the cortex.  Thus, retrieval of true as compared with false memories induces a distinct pattern of gamma oscillations, possibly reflecting recollection of contextual information associated with past experience.

Full article:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071023163853.htm

These kinds of advancements in our understanding of memory will be incredibly useful in diagnosing and alleviating neurological problems from epilepsy to schizophrenia.

Here is the full paper:http://memory.psych.upenn.edu/publications/files/SedeEtal07b.pdf

For more on recent work on gamma waves, check out this lecture by Robert Knight: http://www.mindupdate.com/?p=63

Thanks to Tyler on the forums for finding this.

Written by admin on October 27th, 2007 with no comments. Read more articles on All Posts and Memory and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Neurotechnology and New Technology and The Subconscious Mind.

Using neuroimaging to analyze mind-over-body effects

NPR brings us one step closer to understanding the mind-body connection in a recent segment on the mysterious placebo effect. Using relatively recent neuroimaging techniques, researchers are able to isolate the specific neural effects of belief and expectation.

Take a listen: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12487035

Written by admin on September 7th, 2007 with no comments. Read more articles on All Posts and Mind-Body Matters and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc).

EEG-Generated 3D artwork under hypnosis

There is something irresistible about the brain’s electrical activity that continues to inspire new researchers to bridge the gap between science and art, or between medical research and entertainment.

The idea has been explored for decades. A few months ago, browsing around YouTube, I found a video of Yoko Ono and John Lennon experimenting with EEG-assisted music creation on some talk show (I was not able to locate this video later, unfortunately). We’ve explored this topic here a number of times before, such as in this entry where EEG is used to compose music, create images, control games and robots.

As old as this type of research is, the allure of pure thought flowing into a form of art remains as attractive as ever to new researchers. And, the technology behind it continues to advance.

Perhaps in the future there will be a way for an audience to experience such artwork in the same technologically advanced way in which it was created.

Here is the latest installment into the category of brainwave-art.

It is called “Shapes of Thought”.

Participants are put into a hypnotic state and asked to recall various memories in order to create pure emotional states. The hypnotic state is induced to make the recollection both easier and more realistic.

EEG activity is then recorded and filtered to create unique 3D shapes. Here is an example:

This image was formed after asking a participant to recall a traumatic incident where he was seriously injured.

You can find more on their website, here:http://www.ucalgary.ca/~einbrain/shapes/index.html

Written by admin on July 26th, 2007 with 1 comment. Read more articles on All Posts and Neuro-Arts and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc).

Weekly Brain Video: Thoughts on Gamma Brainwaves 70-200+ hz

Extremely high frequency gamma was previously thought not to exist because it is difficult to measure from the scalp. However, if electrodes are implanted in the brain, it becomes clear that ultra high gamma plays an important role, and could even be the dominant frequency band of the brain.

Today’s video is a lecture by Robert Knight, a neuroscientist at Berkeley, talking about his work with high gamma.

This video is (unfortunately) only available in Real Player format. Click the image below to open it.

 

 

Written by admin on June 16th, 2007 with 1 comment. Read more articles on All Posts and Brain Biology and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Studies and Research and Videos.

EEG research on psychedelics, or what your brain REALLY looks like on drugs

Here is an interesting study on the effects of psychedelics measured from an EEG. For those of you who lived throught he 60’s, this is what was happening to you.

Some of the results may not be what you expected.

Effects of a Psychedelic, Tropical Tea, Ayahuasca, on the EEG Activity of the Human Brain during a Shamanistic Ritual - MAPS Magazine, Spring 2001

By Erik Hoffmann, Jan M. Keppel Hesselink, Yatra-W.M. da Silveira Barbosa

Abstract EEG data from 12 volunteers participating in a workshop in Brazil were recorded under field conditions before and after a shamanistic ritual in which the psychoactive tea, Ayahuasca, was consumed. Following three doses of the tea, the subjects showed strong and statistically significant increases of both EEG alpha (8-13Hz) and theta (4-8Hz) mean amplitudes compared to baseline while beta (13-20Hz) amplitudes were unchanged. The strongest increases of alpha activity were observed in the occipital lobes while alpha was unchanged in the frontal lobes. Theta amplitudes, on the other hand, were significantly increased in both occipital and frontal areas. Our data do not support previous findings of cortical activation with decreased alpha and increased beta activity caused by psychedelics (e.g. LSD, mescaline, psilocybin). They rather point to a similarity between the altered states produced by ayahuasca and marihuana which also stimulates the brain to produce more alpha waves. We suggest that these findings of increased EEG alpha and theta activity after drinking Ayahuasca reflect an altered state of consciousness. In this state the subjects reported increased awareness of their subconscious processes. This is an altered state comparable to, however more profound than, the meditative state. Ayahuasca seems to open up the individual to his feelings and provide personal, psychological insights, and thus it may be a valuable adjunct to psychotherapy.

Also an excerpt from the study:

EEG research of psychedelics.

The majority of EEG studies done on psychedelics appeared in the scientific journals some 30 years ago before these compounds were banned. Wikler (1954), Itil (1968) and Fink (1978) are all in agreement that psychedelics, regardless of the substance (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin),produce decreases in slow wave (alpha and theta) activity together with increases of fast (beta) activity. This low amplitude, desynchronized EEG pattern induced by psychedelics reflect an activation of the brain and is in opposition to the highly synchronized alpha pattern observed during deep relaxation. Fink (1978) found that regardless of the nature of the drug administered, EEG synchronization (alpha/theta waves) was associated with euphoria, relaxation, and drowsiness; while EEG desynchronization was associated with anxiety, hallucinations, fantasies, and illusions. Don et al. (1998) found an increase of high frequency beta (’40Hz’) with no significant change of alpha and theta activity in the EEG following the ingestion of ayahuasca. All the above studies indicate that most psychedelic compounds tend to suppress low EEG frequency activity (alpha and theta) and enhance beta activity reflecting an activation of the brain. However, other psychedelic-like compounds such as marihuana and MDMA (ecstasy) seem to have the opposite effect and increase alpha activity. In a recent, controlled placebo study, an increase of EEG alpha power, correlating with intense euphoria, was found after smoking marihuana (Lukas, et al., 1995).

Long-term effects of the use of psychedelics, using qEEG monitoring, have rarely been studied. However, in a recent study of 23 recreational MDMA users Dafters et al. (1999) found that the use of MDMA was positively correlated with absolute power in the alpha (8-12Hz) and beta (12-20Hz) frequency bands. These findings were supported recently by another study by Gamma et al. (2000) who found global increases of theta, alpha and beta power in a group of regular MDMA users compared to a control group.

Brainwave monitoring changing the way psychiatrists work

As a follow up to the video about EEG-assisted hypnosis, I came upon an article today about how EEGs could be implemented in talk therapy and traditional Psychiatry.

In many ways, modern day mental health is still a series of trials and errors. If you are depressed your psychiatrist may start you out on a regimen of Wellbutrin. After the medicine has been given adequate time to take effect, the therapist will determine if the treatment is working by asking you questions about your subjective experience. If it turns out the drug isn’t working, the dosage may be increased, a new drug may be prescribed or a new approach may be recommended. This can be frustrating for both clients and therapists.

There are a lot of external variables that can make your subjective experience of a therapy’s effectiveness differ starkly from reality. Further compounding the problem is how long it can take for a drug to have a meaningful impact on people, to the extent that one could reliably say “this is working for me.” Under normal circumstances, six to eight weeks will pass before any real benefits will be noticed. Many people are also resistant to specific psychoactive drugs, and some people seem to have very little reaction at all to any drug.

To help solve this problem, a new EEG device is being developed specifically with psychiatrists in mind. It monitors brainwaves and uses the analysis to determine if a certain drug is having the expected effect. If the drug is doing its job, or is likely to work in the future, brain activity in specific areas will change. Studies of this have shown that it can take as little as a single week to reliably determine if a particular therapy is working - long before any subjective effects would normally be noticed by the patient or therapist.

The new device is also meant to be simple to use, so it can be easily employed with minimal training, and could even be operated by office staff such as a nurse:

Requiring only five electrodes to be placed on a subject’s forehead and temples, rather than 20 or more electrodes scattered over the entire scalp, the device is much easier to use than the EEG systems typically employed in research labs.

The company is now sponsoring a large, multicenter clinical trial to determine if the device can reliably detect antidepressant response. Initial results from the study, presented this week in San Diego at a meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, are promising.After a week of treatment, the device could predict if a particular drug would work in the longer term 70 to 80 percent of the time.

“Psychiatry is the last specialty without a good diagnostic test to guide treatment,” says Andrew Leuchter, a researcher and psychiatrist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a study leader. “I think there is a lot of enthusiasm for a quick test that can be carried out in the doctor’s office and inform treatment.” Leuchter’s group did some of the early research underlying the device, and he heads Aspect’s science advisory board.

Aspect expects to finish the trial of more than 300 patients this year and is in talks with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about requirements for regulatory approval. The company eventually aims to market the device to psychiatrists. “Many patients will abandon their medications if they do not feel sufficient improvement in the first few weeks,” says Maurizio Fava, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, in Boston. “So having a reliable prediction will help patients stay on track.”

Another device mentioned in the article, called the NeuroStar, is designed to be used with patients that seem resistant to all drugs. It stimulates the brain with magnetic pulses through the skull, and in trials it worked 40 percent of the time. The NeuroStar is meant as an alternative to the very invasive “electroconvulsive therapy”, which requires surgery and has some nasty side effects, but is needed in severe cases where the patient is resistent to drugs.

Though it is not mentioned in the article, audio/visual Brainwave Entrainment could also be a very effective, easy to use and certainly noninvasive way to assist the modern therapist in treating a wide variety of clients. We have many users of our products who experience great relief with BWE where they found none with other therapies. We get a lot of calls from new therapists interested in this technology, most of which heard about it through their clients! Many of them are now sending their patients home with BWE CDs created using our software. Some are even setting up “brainwave entrainment” rooms, complete with a lazy boy, a Light/Sound Synergizer and a laptop to drive the stimulation.

Emerging neurotechnology is going to vastly change the mental health industry in the coming decades .

On the other hand ….

Perhaps someday, a visit to the psychiatrist’s office will resemble a trip to the dentist’s or physical therapist’s office, where a mental hygienist, rather than a dental hygienist, will work on your brain before the doctor comes in to render his final opinion.

I think one of the better aspects of traditional psychiatry is the stereotypical therapist’s office: the couch, the plants, the dim lighting, the shelf full of books probably never read… Many people loathe visiting the dentist or doctor. The lighting is too bright, the mood feels rushed, like an assembly line. I rarely spend more than 3 or 4 minutes with my doctor - most of every visit is spent in the waiting room or talking to the nurse. I think it is important not to let the mental health industry fall into that trap. A therapist’s office should be a comfortable place. Don’t abandon the couch. Instead, employ these new technologies to ensure clients are receiving the best treatment available.

Here’s the article: http://www.technologyreview.com/Biotech/18791/

Written by admin on May 30th, 2007 with no comments. Read more articles on All Posts and Brainwave Entrainment (BWE) and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Neurotechnology and New Technology.

Weekly Brain Video: Hypnosis and EEG

A hypnotherapist talks about using an EEG to determine the receptivity level of clients.

Written by admin on May 26th, 2007 with 2 comments. Read more articles on All Posts and Hypnosis and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Videos.

Weekly Brain Video: Mind Ball Tournament

Here are 2 videos of an EEG-based game that looks fun and interesting, called MindBall. The idea is that you either relax or concentrate, speeding up or slowing down your brainwaves, causing a ball to move closer to your “goal”.

For our Canadian readers, the first video pits 2 Canadian Idol judges against each other.

This video is of an actual Mind Ball tournament:

Written by admin on May 18th, 2007 with 1 comment. Read more articles on All Posts and Biofeedback / Neurotherapy and Neuro-Games / Brain Games and Neuro-Imaging (EEG, HEG, MRI, etc) and Videos.

 

 

Brain waves have direct influence on behaviour, says study

LONDON - Brain waves can have a direct influence on a person’s behaviour, say researchers after an experiment found that people can be made to move in slow motion by boosting one type of brain wave.

“At last we have some direct experimental proof that brain waves influence behaviour in humans, in this case how fast a movement is performed,” said Peter Brown of University College London (UCL).

There are many types of brain waves, distinguished by their frequency and location, Brown explained.

In this study, researchers injected a small electrical current into the brain through the scalps of 14 people while the participants manipulated the position of a spot on a computer screen as quickly as they could with a joystick.

The electrical current used increased normal beta activity, a wave that earlier studies linked to sustained muscle activities, such as holding a book. Beta activity drops before people make a move.

Unlike most previous work, which used constant brain stimulation, the new study employed an oscillating current, more like that underlying normal brain activity. As a result, people’s fastest times on the computer task were 10 percent slower.

Brown said the researchers were surprised that the electrical currents used in the study, which were very small and imperceptible to the participants, could have such a measurable effect, said an UCL release.

“If we know what patterns of brain activity slow voluntary movement, then we can try and boost these patterns in conditions like chorea and dystonia, where there is excessive and uncontrolled movement,” Brown said.

“Conversely, we can try and suppress beta activity in conditions like Parkinson’s disease typified by slow movement.”

“The implication is that it is not just how active brain cells are that is important, but also how they couple their activity into patterns like beta activity.”

These findings were published in the October issue of Current Biology.


Hypnosis has a 'real effect' on the brain

BY ROB LONG

For my birthday one year, a friend presented me with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—the "DSM," for short—which is published by the American Psychiatric Association and contains diagnostic criteria for pretty much every type of odd behavior ever observed. I recognized myself on almost every page, which I was told later is a typical and quite "sane" reaction. Still, after folding down almost every other page—"I've got that. And I've got that. Oh, and I've got that"—it did seem like I should do my best to knock a few of the disorders out of my personality.

So I talked it over with a psychiatrist friend, who explained that it really isn't done that way. You don't, apparently, just "knock a few disorders" out of a complex and troubled mind. You don't just "fix" some stuff—my epic-scale procrastination, for instance; or the fact that I simply cannot stop myself from eating all of the bread in the bread basket at a restaurant. No, you have to go see a guy and talk about it and try to dredge up enough shadowy memories so that it can all be blamed on your parents.

"Does anyone ever get better?" I asked.

"You're asking the wrong question," my friend said, which is where my quest to get stuff done sooner and stop it with the bread ended.

So my dog-eared DSM is collecting dust in anticipation of the day—never to come—when I might zip through it again and tick off the cures.

I brought it down from the shelf last month, though, when I read that Dr. Herbert Spiegel—a Freudian analyst who became a trailblazing hypnotist—had died at 95.

Dr. Spiegel treated anxiety, smoking, posttraumatic stress syndrome—and a host of other disorders that I probably also have—with hypnosis. In the 19th century, doctors had experimented with the method—Franz Mesmer more or less invented hypnosis, and Sigmund Freud practiced it in his early days. But by the time Dr. Spiegel began treating patients that way in the early 1940s, hypnosis had become just a carnival act—creepy magicians in threadbare white tie, state fair "mentalists" in caftans and dark makeup.

And there was something disturbing about Dr. Spiegel, too: his efficiency. He put you under, you had a therapeutic conversation, he snapped his fingers, and . . . done. Pay the lady on the way out.

Actors came to him for help with stage fright. People afraid to fly found themselves, after treatment, happily boarding planes. Smokers were cured. In other words, people got better.

And Dr. Spiegel got famous. Well, not famous famous, but known in Manhattan media and political circles as an interesting, effective and fast-acting healer. He even had a regular table at Elaine's, the Upper East Side hangout with its heyday in the '60s and '70s. The names of his clients are confidential, yet when one recalls a few of the more notorious Elaine's regulars—Woody Allen, Norman Mailer, Andy Warhol, Truman Capote and George Steinbrenner among them—it's clear he could have had a lot to work with.

And it's equally clear that he will be missed. The current crop of famous compulsives and disordered personalities could surely use a quick dash into Dr. Spiegel's office for a little subconscious retreading. If he could cure chain-smokers, couldn't he keep Tiger Woods out of strip clubs? And imagine if the entire cast of the freak show now called "NBC's late night troubles" spent an hour or two in Dr. Spiegel's wakeful sleep. Might not work, but at least they'd all be silent.

So why doesn't everybody do this? Why not just put yourself under and fix your issues?

Looking for explanations, it's tempting to lapse into paranoia. (An "Axis II" disorder, according to my DSM. And, yes, that page is folded down, too.) Of course they don't want you to know about hypnosis's power. They want to bleed you, an hour a week, in a talking cure that doesn't really work.

But the truth is, not everyone is susceptible to hypnosis. Dr. Spiegel, in fact, developed an accurate and (typically, for him) efficient test of a patient's ability to lapse into a relaxed focus: The higher you can roll your eyes upward, the easier you are to put under. Those who can't roll them high enough are just out of luck.

Which probably describes me, unfortunately. I have only two settings: asleep and hungry. Still, I'd have liked to have met Dr. Herbert Spiegel before he died to take a shot at whittling down my disorders. Or, failing that, it would have been nice to have had dinner with him at Elaine's, rolling my eyes upward as he tried to put me under, and methodically eating all of the bread in the basket.

Mr. Long is a Hollywood writer and producer.

Health News November 16th 2009

Dr. Spiegel and the Catalog of Odd Behaviors

For my birthday one year, a friend presented me with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—the "DSM," for short—which is published by the American Psychiatric Association and contains diagnostic criteria for pretty much every type of odd behavior ever observed. I recognized myself on almost every page, which I was told later is a typical and quite "sane" reaction. Still, after folding down almost every other page—"I've got that. And I've got that. Oh, and I've got that"—it did seem like I should do my best to knock a few of the disorders out of my personality.

So I talked it over with a psychiatrist friend, who explained that it really isn't done that way. You don't, apparently, just "knock a few disorders" out of a complex and troubled mind. You don't just "fix" some stuff—my epic-scale procrastination, for instance; or the fact that I simply cannot stop myself from eating all of the bread in the bread basket at a restaurant. No, you have to go see a guy and talk about it and try to dredge up enough shadowy memories so that it can all be blamed on your parents.

"Does anyone ever get better?" I asked.

"You're asking the wrong question," my friend said, which is where my quest to get stuff done sooner and stop it with the bread ended.

So my dog-eared DSM is collecting dust in anticipation of the day—never to come—when I might zip through it again and tick off the cures.

I brought it down from the shelf last month, though, when I read that Dr. Herbert Spiegel—a Freudian analyst who became a trailblazing hypnotist—had died at 95.

Dr. Spiegel treated anxiety, smoking, posttraumatic stress syndrome—and a host of other disorders that I probably also have—with hypnosis. In the 19th century, doctors had experimented with the method—Franz Mesmer more or less invented hypnosis, and Sigmund Freud practiced it in his early days. But by the time Dr. Spiegel began treating patients that way in the early 1940s, hypnosis had become just a carnival act—creepy magicians in threadbare white tie, state fair "mentalists" in caftans and dark makeup.

And there was something disturbing about Dr. Spiegel, too: his efficiency. He put you under, you had a therapeutic conversation, he snapped his fingers, and . . . done. Pay the lady on the way out.

Actors came to him for help with stage fright. People afraid to fly found themselves, after treatment, happily boarding planes. Smokers were cured. In other words, people got better.

And Dr. Spiegel got famous. Well, not famous famous, but known in Manhattan media and political circles as an interesting, effective and fast-acting healer. He even had a regular table at Elaine's, the Upper East Side hangout with its heyday in the '60s and '70s. The names of his clients are confidential, yet when one recalls a few of the more notorious Elaine's regulars—Woody Allen, Norman Mailer, Andy Warhol, Truman Capote and George Steinbrenner among them—it's clear he could have had a lot to work with.

And it's equally clear that he will be missed. The current crop of famous compulsives and disordered personalities could surely use a quick dash into Dr. Spiegel's office for a little subconscious retreading. If he could cure chain-smokers, couldn't he keep Tiger Woods out of strip clubs? And imagine if the entire cast of the freak show now called "NBC's late night troubles" spent an hour or two in Dr. Spiegel's wakeful sleep. Might not work, but at least they'd all be silent.

So why doesn't everybody do this? Why not just put yourself under and fix your issues?

Looking for explanations, it's tempting to lapse into paranoia. (An "Axis II" disorder, according to my DSM. And, yes, that page is folded down, too.) Of course they don't want you to know about hypnosis's power. They want to bleed you, an hour a week, in a talking cure that doesn't really work.

But the truth is, not everyone is susceptible to hypnosis. Dr. Spiegel, in fact, developed an accurate and (typically, for him) efficient test of a patient's ability to lapse into a relaxed focus: The higher you can roll your eyes upward, the easier you are to put under. Those who can't roll them high enough are just out of luck.

Which probably describes me, unfortunately. I have only two settings: asleep and hungry. Still, I'd have liked to have met Dr. Herbert Spiegel before he died to take a shot at whittling down my disorders. Or, failing that, it would have been nice to have had dinner with him at Elaine's, rolling my eyes upward as he tried to put me under, and methodically eating all of the bread in the basket.

Mr. Long is a Hollywood writer and producer.

The Benefits of Using Hypnosis in a Pediatric Setting

(NaturalNews) Hypnotherapy is a natural and safe form of relaxation. The person receiving hypnosis is always in control whether the hypnosis is being administered by a licensed hypnotherapist or through self-hypnosis. Hypnosis is particularly effective in children, because it often requires creative visualization. This imagery easily allows children to be in a relaxed state. Being in a state of hypnosis allows children to work on a various number of things such as pain and anxiety, in a productive and natural way. O'Grady and Hoffmann (1986) evaluated the use of hypnosis in a pediatric setting. Hypnosis was found to be highly successful when children have high expectations from hypnotherapy, a good relationship with their hypnotherapist, and the ability to be hypnotized. They also found that success was more prominent when the children and parents had a positive relationship with the pediatrician.

These researchers looked at cases in which children used hypnosis. Looking at one particular pediatric hospital, they found that 5% of the children were using hypnosis to improve their symptoms. The study found three particular areas that have shown to improve symptoms in children when using hypnosis. One symptom includes pain. Hypnosis enables children to control pain, reducing the severity and reducing the frequency of painful episodes. Another symptom that hypnosis can improve is anxiety in children. Hypnosis allows children to relax and cognitively reduce anxiety and stress. The third area that hypnosis can help children with is undesirable habits. Hypnotherapy allows children to replace negative behaviors and habits with positive ones through the power of suggestibility.

Goldberg (1987) studied the benefits of psychoanalysis in changing behavior. He found that psychoanalysis was more effective when combined with hypnosis in changing behaviors. Hypnosis works by reprogramming negative behaviors using positive suggestions. These negative behaviors, in time become positive behaviors. This has many potential benefits in helping children change their negative behavior patterns into positive behavior patterns.

Another method of hypnosis that has been found to have many potential benefits in children is the use of self-hypnosis (Gardner, 1981). Self-hypnosis allows children to perform hypnosis on themselves at any time they choose. It allows them to be in control of their symptoms when and where they want. Self-hypnosis works best when both children and parents are open to the idea of learning and practicing hypnosis.

Hypnosis has many potential benefits when used with children. Whether a child is suffering from pain from cancer or they are showing hyperactivity behavior with ADHD, hypnosis can help improve their symptoms in a natural and safe way. Hypnotherapy uses the power of positive suggestions to help children reprogram their subconscious minds so that they are in control of their symptoms.

Sources

Gardner, G.G. (1981). Teaching self-hypnosis to children. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 29(3), 300-312.

Goldberg, B. (1987). Hypnotherapy: A combined approach using psychotherapy and behavior modification. Psychology: A Quarterly Journal of Human Behavior, 24(3), 37-40.

O'Grady, D.J. & Hoffmann, C. (1986). Use of hypnosis by psychologists in a pediatric setting: Establishing and maintaining credibility. Retrieved from ERIC database. ERIC ID: ED272813.

Use Hypnosis to Achieve New Year Resolutions

Friday, January 30, 2009 by: Cindie Leonard, citizen journalist

(NaturalNews) "What the mind can conceive and believe, it can achieve," Napolean Hill. It is almost February. How are you doing with your New Year's resolutions? If you've been successful, congratulations! If not, why not try hypnosis, an effective, scientifically proven tool to help you reach your goals?

Hypnotherapy works. Quite simply, hypnosis is a deep state of relaxation where your subconscious mind is more receptive to ideas and suggestions. It has been described as 'half-awake, half-asleep'. It is very similar to that 'miles away' feeling you probably find yourself in from time-to-time when you let your mind wander. Hypnotic states are characterized by a tremendously pleasant state of relaxation.

Everyone experiences the state of hypnosis many times during the day, including that time just before falling asleep at night. Meditation, daydreaming, being absorbed in a book or music or television, driving and arriving at your destination without recalling all the usual landmarks, ... these are a few examples of the state of hypnosis.

Hypnosis is a natural and effective technique for accessing the subconscious mind - the key to unleashing our potential, changing our unwanted habits and behaviors, and finding solutions to our problems and concerns.

You may associate hypnosis with people on stage quacking like a duck or disco dancing while thinking they are wearing fins. Stage hypnosis is real and fun. It is important to note that the participants are all more than willing to be silly. Trained stage hypnotists choose their subjects carefully. The subjects desire the attention, are open to suggestion, and are prescreened to be easily hypnotized. In other words, they choose to quack like a duck in front of an audience.

As with stage hypnosis, it is crucial that you understand that ALL HYPNOSIS IS SELF HYPNOSIS. You can feel perfectly safe under hypnosis. You will never do anything that is not in line with your wishes. Your conscious and subconscious mind will reject any suggestion for which you do not fully agree.

Let's use weight loss as an example. Hypnosis is a powerful tool for people genuinely motivated to lose weight. In a study of 60 women separated into hypnosis versus non-hypnosis groups, the group using hypnosis lost an average of 17 pounds, while the non-hypnosis group lost an average of only a half pound.

In another study, two dieting groups (one using hypnosis, another not using hypnosis) were followed over the course of two years. The hypnosis group continued to get results, the non-hypnosis group did not.

In a meta-analysis study, results demonstrated that adding hypnosis to weight loss treatment increased weight loss by an average of 97% during treatment, and even more importantly, increased the effectiveness of post treatment by over 146%.

Hypnosis can produce life-long positive changes in the manner in which you approach dining. A typical session might include the following:

Induction- (counting backwards, staring at an object, and/or progressive relaxation). Progressive relaxation is a process of relaxing all of your muscles, from the top of your head to the tips of your toes. This will allow your conscious mind to relax, making way for your subconscious mind to receive the suggestions you desire.

Deepening technique- (usually counting backwards). This, somehow, signals the brain to go deeper into relaxation.

Imagery- Visualization works because certain areas of the mind cannot distinguish between what you see with your eyes and what you see in your mind. You can manipulate your mind and body to believe that what you are visualizing is real. You can insert any visualization that brings you a sense of beauty and peace. The purpose of this section is to tap the pleasure centers of your brain, putting you in a more conducive frame of mind to make positive changes in your perception of yourself, and it also serves to relax you even further. Examples are a tropical beach, a mountain cabin, a spring meadow, or any place that brings you a sense of tranquility. It is very important that the imagery is congruent with your likes and dislikes. For example, if you are not fond of birds, the phrase, "imagine the sound of the seagulls flying overhead..." might snap you right out of your relaxed trance.

Suggestions- Once deeply relaxed, with your subconscious mind receptive to change, you will be given a number of suggestions. One of the most powerful tools of the suggestion process is in "seeing" the outcome. You will "see" yourself at your desired weight. Other highly successful visualizations include seeing yourself dining in a healthful fashion, eating slowly, savoring each bite. Other examples of positive suggestions include: "You crave healthy food. You love fresh, crispy salads full of colorful, dark, rich greens, red, orange, and purple vegetables...You love these antioxidant rich foods. They make you look good; they make you feel good. You eat only lean meats, and you eat only until you are full. You dine sitting down, and you eat slowly..." As with the visualization, the suggestions must be congruent with your dining goals. If you are focused on dining in a low-carb fashion, if your hypnosis session offers a suggestion such as "you crave whole-grain foods," you will sense a contradiction and the session may falter in effectiveness. You should agree 100% with all of the suggestions.

Some people respond to negative suggestions, some do not. Negative suggestions would be something like, "and you have lost your appetite for fatty foods. In fact, fatty foods disgust you, and you can barely stand to look at them. You don't like the way they taste; you don't like the way they look; you don't like the way they make you feel. You are free from temptation." This author, admittedly, had a "thing" for french fries. No longer. Positive suggestions did not work. Only after the suggestion that the vats of fat in which fries are fried are filled with all sorts of unsavory things ... was I able to finally find french fries distasteful. (Seriously, have you ever seen the debris in the french fry vat?)

Affirmations may be a part of this phase. These are similar to the suggestions, but more concise. For example, "I love to dine on healthy foods," "I drink two full glasses of water before beginning any meal," "I exercise at least twenty minutes every day."

Return to consciousness- This last part is simply to bring you back into consciousness, usually by counting up, from 1 to 5. (One, ... you are beginning to become aware of the room right now. Two ... you might want to wiggle your fingers and toes. Move around a little bit. Three ... take a deep breath and as you exhale, smile ... with a happy sense of anticipation that something wonderful is about to happen. Four...slowly, gently, open your eyes. Five...you are awake, relaxed, refreshed, and rejuvenated. You feel a sense a quiet confidence you have not felt before.)

Hypnosis is also helpful for smoking cessation, anxiety, pain, and to help you develop positive habits such as exercise.

Keep in mind that hypnosis is not a magical cure. It is simply a tool. An effective tool, if you are in the right frame of mind.

Cochrane, Gordon; Friesen, J. (1986). Hypnotherapy in weight loss treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 489-492.

Kirsch, Irving (1996). Hypnotic enhancement of cognitive-behavioral weight loss treatments--Another meta-reanalysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64 (3), 517-519.

Allison, David B.; Faith, Myles S. Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for obesity: A meta-analytic reappraisal. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1996 Jun Vol 64(3) 513-516

Use Hypnosis to Study Moral Judgment:The Role of Reason and Emotion

(NaturalNews) Many scientists and researchers often ponder the idea of moral philosophy. Where does moral judgment come from and how are the rules defined? Are moral judgments a result of reasoning through a particular situation or are they a result of an emotion and based on feelings? People can argue either position. However, recent studies have pointed towards moral judgment stemming from emotion and intuition rather than reasoning. One such study used hypnosis to show that moral judgment can be influenced with emotions. Nado, Kelly, and Stich (2006) pondered both sides of the debate on whether moral judgment stems from rationality or emotions. There are research-backed responses to both. One argues that all judgments are based on some form of reasoning. Another argues that reason is the slave of passions. Researchers concluded that there is still a lot to be learned about moral judgment. The analysis of how people make their moral judgments is still a young debate and more research needs to be conducted.

Many researchers have focused on moral judgment coming from reasoning. However, a meta-analysis was conducted (Green & Haidt, 2002) involving both psychology and cognitive neuroscience research that focused on moral judgment. They discovered that although reasoning can play a significant role in moral judgment, there is more evidence that intuition and emotion determine moral judgment. They also found through brain imaging that many areas of the brain contribute to making moral judgments.

Wheatley and Haidt (2005) researched how hypnosis has an effect on moral judgment. In the study, 64 highly hypnotizable participants received a series of group-hypnosis sessions. During these sessions, participants were given a posthypnotic suggestion to feel disgusted when reading a particular word either `take` or `often.` Posthypnotic suggestions are designed so that the participant does not remember the instructions until prompted to remember.

Results of the research showed that when participants were asked to judge specific situations, they showed more disgust when the specific word was used in the description. When the word was present they rated moral transgressions as more morally wrong. The researchers concluded that intuition and feelings can influence moral judgments.

Although the topic of moral judgment is still up for debate, recent research shows advancement in determining what leads humans to make certain moral judgments. Hypnosis enables researchers to access the subconscious mind to help them understand the non-reasoning ability of the human mind. Hypnosis is a great tool to use in determining whether moral judgment is based on reason or emotions.

Sources

Greene, J. and Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends Cognitive Science, 6(12), 517-523.

Nado, J., Kelly, D., & Stich, S. (2006). Moral judgment. Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Psychology.

Wheatley, T. and Haidt, J. (2005). Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgments more sever. PSCI, 16(10), 780-784.

Raaz Pichhle... creates stir but psychiatrists stay away: ‘It has no scientific basis’

Rajni Shaleen Chopra

Posted: Jan 19, 2010 at 0416 hrs IST

Chandigarh Past life regression, a hypnoticprocess made famous by ‘Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka’, seems to have caught the fancy of the people.Psychiatrists are being flooded with inquiries about the process. Despite claims that it resolves many phobias, most psychiatristsare not keen to opt for the process, “as it has no scientific basis”.

A number of clinical psychiatrists in the region say such ‘memories’ of a past life may only be the projected imagination of an individual.

“Since hypnosis is part of a psychiatrist’s training, they are getting such requests. But I will not opt for it, even though it is popular,” Dr Simmi Waraich, a clinical psychiatrist in Mohali, said. “I usually refer people who insist upon it to someone else.”

Dr Anshuman Mittal, a psychiatrist based in Patiala, says it is all about “fooling people”. “There is no way one can dive into his or her past life. It is only a persons’ supposition, his imagination, which comes out in a state of hypnosis,” Dr Mittal says.

Dr Mittal jokes that it is difficult to believe in the concept even if one considers mythology. “Even mythologically, we do not get humanbodies repeatedly. How come everyone on the show recalls being a human, not an animal?” he observes. “I will never go for this practice. I will either ask my patient to forget it, or consult someone else.”

Dr Navkiran Mahajan, an Associate Professor at DMCH, Ludhiana, agrees that the programme has generated interest but “I’m sceptical”. “People are certainly curious about the concept, but I’m sceptical. The concept draws on a person’s level of suggestability. I don’t view it as a scientific method, and neither do I practice it,” she says.

But there are some who practice it.

Renee Singh, a past-life regressionist in Chandigarh, says the demand for regressions has significantly increased after the TV show. “After the programme, there seems to be a new level of acceptability among people about the concept,” she says.

Others believe that the concept needs further research. “I do not practice it but I do not agree that past-life regression should be dismissed altogether. I believe that this concept needs to be thoroughly researched,” Dr Divay Mangla, a psychiatrist practising in Yamuna Nagar, says.

Herbert Spiegal, Doctor Who Popularized Hypnosis Dies at 95

By 

BENEDICT CAREY

Published: January 9, 2010

Dr. Herbert Spiegel treated pain, anxiety and addictions by putting people into a trance. Broadway actors sought his help to overcome stage fright, singers to quit smoking, politicians to overcome fear of flying. For years he had a regular table at Elaine’s, as well as his own place on the national stage.

Duane Michals

Dr. Herbert Spiegel in 1974, working with a patient who wanted to stop smoking. Patients from near and far sought him out.

A New York psychiatrist, Dr. Spiegel, who died on Dec. 15 at the age of 95, was far and away the country’s most visible and persuasive advocate for therapeutic hypnosis, having established it as a mainstream medical technique.

Beginning in the 1950s, he described the technique, both its uses and misuses, in magazine articles and in courtrooms. In the 1960s, he developed the first quick and practical test for individual susceptibility to hypnosis; it is still widely used. In later decades he appeared on television programs like “60 Minutes” and he helped treat the woman known as Sybil, whose controversial case became the subject of a book and inspired two television movies.

In a famous course at Columbia University, Dr. Spiegel taught generations of doctors the art and science of hypnosis — how concentrated relaxation and suggestion can have a powerful effect on thinking and behavior.

His son, Dr. David Spiegel, a psychiatrist at Stanford University, said his father had died in his sleep at his home on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, not far from Elaine’s, where Dr. Herbert Spiegel’s regular table was near Woody Allen’s at what was a fixture of the New York intellectual and creative scene in the 1960s and ’70s.

A trained Freudian analyst, Dr. Spiegel came to see traditional, open-ended psychoanalysis as too costly and meandering for many patients — and hypnosis as a way to accelerate healing, effecting change in some people even in a single session. As Dr. Spiegel’s reputation grew, performers and politicians in New York and prominent people from around the world made their way to his office in Manhattan.

It was in the early ’60s that he filled in for Dr. Cornelia B. Wilbur, the therapist who had been treating a troubled woman named Shirley Mason, who appeared to communicate through several distinct personalities. Her case became the basis for the popular 1973 book “Sybil,” by Flora Rheta Schreiber, and two television adaptations, one in 1976 with Joanne Woodward and Sally Field and the other in 2008 with Jessica Lange.

Critics later challenged Dr. Wilbur’s methods, saying they had encouraged the woman’s behavior. Dr. Spiegel agreed. He argued that Sybil had disassociation disorder, not multiple personalities, and he voiced his reservations when the book became part of a debate in recent years over the causes of such disorders.

Yet more than anything, it was Dr. Spiegel’s rigorous studies of hypnosis, as well as his easygoing, matter-of-fact presence, that most impressed other doctors and patients.

“He wasn’t Svengali-like; he didn’t have this Mesmer voice,” said Dr. Philip R. Muskin, a psychiatrist at Columbia. “He was a regular guy with this Midwestern accent who explained in a very straightforward way that hypnosis was something you could learn that’s useful. He really took the techniques out of the dark alleys, out of Hollywood and the world of the circus, and moved them into mainstream medicine.”

Many therapists now use hypnosis to aid treatment, and the National Institutes of Health have financed dozens of studies of the technique to reduce pain and accelerate healing.

Herbert Spiegel was born on June 29, 1914, in McKeesport, Pa., one of four children of Sam and Lena Spiegel. His father ran a successful wholesale grocery business; his mother, the household.

Their only son attended the University of Pittsburgh before enrolling in medical school at the University of Maryland, where he graduated in 1939. After completing his internship at St. Francis Hospital in Pittsburgh, he did a residency in psychiatry at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in Washington, where he first learned hypnosis.

But it was during World War II — Dr. Spiegel served as a battalion surgeon in North Africa from 1942 to 1946 — that the young doctor first witnessed the power of hypnosis. “I discovered that it was possible to use persuasion and suggestion to help the men return to previous levels of function” after severe combat stress, he later wrote. He used the same techniques on himself after suffering a shrapnel wound that earned him a Purple Heart.

Dr. Spiegel’s first marriage, to Dr. Natalie Shainess, ended in divorce. In addition to his son, he is survived by a daughter, Dr. Ann Spiegel, a pediatrician in Phoenix; four grandchildren; and his wife, Marcia Greenleaf, a therapist who collaborated with him and who was with him at his death.

Dr. Spiegel received a long list of awards and held academic appointments at a number of institutions, including John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York University and, for more than 20 years, Columbia. His book “Trance and Treatment: Clinical Uses of Hypnosis,” written with his son, is a classic in the field.

But he was, until the end, a therapist. “He saw a patient a few days before he died,” his son said.

A version of this article appeared in print on January 10, 2010, on page A30 of the National edition.

Around the World in a Solar Airplane (Using Self Hypnosis)

 

MICHAEL KANELLOS  01 20 10

Around the World in a Solar Airplane

The solo pilot will avoid fiber, to forestall the need to go to the bathroom.

Abu Dhabi—The keys are self-hypnotism and lightweight design.

Bertrand Piccard, president and pilot at Solar Impulse, will try to fly nonstop around the world on an airplane powered by solar energy and batteries in 2012 or 2013 to demonstrate to the world that there, potentially, could be a new way to fly, he told an audience at the World Future Energy Summit taking place in Abu Dhabi this week.

Piccard and his partner, Andre Borschberg, have run a number of computerized simulations on how a plane of this sort should behave in various circumstances and have built a slightly scaled-down version of the plane. It works. Later this year, they will try to take the plane up to 27,000 feet and fly it at night.

After that, the two will build a second version of the plane and attempt a transatlantic crossing .

“That should show we can fly it during the day and night,” he said. “It is a demonstration of what we can achieve and a symbol of the pioneering spirit. The adventure of the 21st Century is to save energy.”

If all goes well, a solo pilot will then take the larger version of the plane on the world voyage. The project has been underway so far for seven years.

The final version of the plane will be the size of a assenger jet but have the build of a bike. It will have a 64 meter wingspan, a breadth which rivals the jets produced by Airbus, but it will only weigh 1.6 tons, or about the same as a compact car. Put another way, the plane will carry about eight kilograms per square meter, compared to thousands of kilos per square meter of a conventional jet, he said.

“For every twenty kilos, you need one more meter of wingspan,” Piccard said.

The plane will be powered by four motors, which will turn propellers, and solar panels mounted on top of the wings. The solar panels have to be large enough to propel the plane during the daytime and charge the lithium ion batteries during the day so the plane can fly at night. The designers could put a gas generator on the plane to charge the batteries at night, a la Chevy Volt, but Piccard says that the extra weight of the gas generator would be better used by putting more batteries on the plane.

The full-fledged plane will hold a 160 kilogram payload, enough for a passenger, a parachute, a life raft, water, food, and oxygen.

So what will pilots of the plane eat? On the short flights and across the Atlantic, the solo pilot will avoid fiber, to forestall the need to go to the bathroom. On the circumnavigation, high-energy food, “like dry pasta” will be on the menu.

To sleep, pillots engage in self-hypnosis and enter into a sleep-like state for 20 minutes every four hours. (Piccard is actually a famed advocate of self-hypnosis. In 1999, He became the first person to circle the Earth in a balloon.)

The plane is not an easy one to fly. It has a significant amount of inertia, which means that a shift of the joystick does not cause an immediate reaction on the direction of the plane. It’s more like driving a sailboat: pilots have to shift the controls, wait, and let the plane shift on its own.

“Good pilots crash on the simulation,” he said.

Why do it? The public thought Lindbergh crazy, but a short time after that passenger planes were all in vogue.

Why some people easily fall into hypnotic trance

Thursday, January 21, 2010 21:07 IST

London: Researchers have speculated that people who find it easier to fall into a trance are more likely to have an imbalance in the efficiency of their brain's two hemispheres.

The test combines motor and cognitive tasks.

He then gave each volunteer a pair of spectacles with an LED mounted on the left and right side of the frame. The two LEDs flashed in quick succession, and the volunteers had to say which flashed first.

Naish repeated the task until the gap between the flashes was so short that the volunteers could no longer judge the correct order.

The expert found that hypnotically susceptible volunteers were better at perceiving when the right LED flashed first than when the left one did. This suggested that the left hemisphere of their brain was working more efficiently.

On the other hand, the non-susceptible people were just as likely to perceive the right LED flashing first as the one on the left.

These differences in the balance of brain efficiency persisted when Naish tried to hypnotise both groups.

During hypnosis, the brains of those in the susceptible group seemed to switch "states", becoming faster at spotting when the left LED flashed first. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the hemispheres remained relatively even in the non-susceptible people. They didn't fall into a trance, but their performance on the task started to deteriorate.

The study ahs been published in Consciousness and Cognition.

Hypnotic Progression

Hypnotic Progression

(Chapter 8 of the original Book of the Soul)

© Ian Lawton 2004 & 2008

Individual Progressions in Current Lives

The earth will be broken up in the western portion of America. The greater portion of Japan must go into the sea. The upper portion of Europe will be changed as in the twinkling of an eye. Land will appear off the east coast of America. There will be the upheavals in the Arctic and in the Antarctic that will make for the eruption of volcanoes in the torrid areas, and there will be the shifting then of the poles – so that where there have been those of a frigid or semitropical will become the more tropical, and moss and fern will grow. And these will begin in those periods in ’58 to ’98 when these will be proclaimed as the periods when His Light will be seen again in the clouds.

This is a prophecy – difficult grammar and all – made by Edgar Cayce. In fact he had predicted that there would be great ‘earth changes’ during the thirties, but when these did not come to pass his attention switched to the period from 1958 to 1998. We can see that he associated these physical changes to the earth with a profound spiritual change that he said would be ushered in by the dawning of the age of Aquarius – which in turn was associated with the reemergence of Atlantis and the ‘second coming’ of Christ. Cayce passed away in 1945, far too early to know that his predictions at least as regards physical earth changes had not come to fruition by 1998, and nor have they at the time of writing over five years later. Of course, this has not deterred some of his followers from falling back on the failsafe position that the content was right, it was merely his timing that was inaccurate.

In 1980 Helen Wambach decided to experiment with progressing subjects forward into the future, rather than regressing them into the past. As her collaborator Chet Snow reports in his 1989 book Mass Dreams of the Future, she was clearly interested to see how her subjects’ reports might compare with those of seers like Cayce, with whose predictions she was entirely familiar. Of course, both at the time she was experimenting, and even when Snow subsequently published his book, there was still plenty of time for Cayce’s predictions to be proved correct. Using exactly the same hypnotic techniques she used for regression, she worked with both groups and a number of individual subjects, but there were problems with the latter. Some early results from group progressions to the year 2100 – which we will examine shortly – indicated that life had become pretty bleak by then. Her curiosity was piqued as to what might have caused this, but when she took her first eight individual subjects forward into the twenty-first century they all reported they were just ‘floating’ – their current personalities had clearly died, and they had not reincarnated. So she decided to instruct one of her relatively young subjects to progress to a specific date in the late-nineties – Snow does not say exactly what year, but given her interest in the Cayce readings I would not be surprised to find it was 1998. Although this was less than two decades away and the young woman might reasonably have been expected to still be alive, Wambach was shocked to find her choking to death from a ‘big black cloud’ of some sort.

This is clearly the most difficult type of hypnotic journey. Being regressed into a traumatic death in a past life is bad enough, but because it is in the past and cannot be changed most subjects can accept the experience from an emotional perspective. Being progressed far ahead into future lives does not seem to represent a major psychological problem for some individuals either. But being progressed in the current lifetime, and especially to the point of death, is understandably a frightening experience – indeed one that most of us would probably prefer to avoid altogether, even if we do have an awareness that death is merely a transition.

Nevertheless, Wambach persevered. After some delay because of health problems and other commitments, in 1983 she selected two relatively young and stable subjects and took them forwards carefully a year at a time, concentrating on normally happy occasions like birthdays and Christmas. To make them focus on general issues that she hoped would hold the least emotional charge, she asked them to see themselves buying provisions and to describe the nature of the foodstuffs available and their prices. She also suggested they report on any television or radio broadcasts of which they became aware. But when they progressed to about fifteen years ahead, again they were both just floating. Despite her curiosity, Wambach did not force them to relive the events that precipitated their deaths.

The most prominent of her progression subjects was Snow himself. He was a civilian employee of the US Air Force who had come to her in 1983 for regression therapy related to recurrent back pain and a writer’s block that was affecting his work as an archivist and military historian. He was impressed by the results, Wambach was impressed by his abilities as a regression subject, and they formed an increasingly close working relationship. It is worth looking at their progression work together in some detail because it will help us to understand the nature of the phenomenon and its associated pitfalls. But clearly we must temporarily suspend our knowledge of the fact that, just as with Cayce, none of Snow’s own predictions for the world have come to fruition at the time of writing.

In July of that year they undertook their first progression session in which she took him forwards directly to his birthday in July 1998. He found himself on a ranch somewhere north of Phoenix in Arizona. But the noonday clouds were dark, and it was cold – totally unlike the normal summer climate. It appeared to them both that the earth changes Cayce had prophesied had come true. He realized he was part of a commune that had been set up some years before in an area that was expected to escape the worst of the dramatic climate changes to come – which their unofficial leader, who he identified as a woman called Patsy, had foreseen. But their purpose was not just to survive the catastrophe, and to avoid being overcome by lawless marauders fighting for their own survival afterwards, but also to develop their spiritual abilities – especially by learning to make telepathic contact with similar groups that had been set up in a variety of other locations. It would be their job to help to rebuild the shattered world.

In October 1983 she took him forward again, this time to Christmas 1996. He was again at the ranch, but this time making preparations to stock foodstuffs and so on, and the climate was much hotter so the main catastrophe had clearly not occurred yet. But in watching a television bulletin he could see that the process had begun, with freak storms and new records of hot and cold weather, excessive droughts and rainfalls in various parts of the globe, and widespread flooding already occurring in coastal areas as sea levels rose. Global inflation was rife, food prices especially had rocketed, and the world’s economy was already going into a tailspin. In the same session she then took him forward to Christmas 1997, when everything was much the same except they had all their provisions in place at the ranch. But when she took him forward another year to Christmas 1998, a very different picture emerged, similar to the one he had seen in his first progression. The climate in Arizona was cold and wet, and black clouds of ash and debris hung permanently in the sky. Aftershock tremors still occurred frequently. There was no television now, but local radio stations were still keeping people in touch with the outside world. They reported that much of the west coast of America had sunk into the sea, along with parts of the east coast although other parts of this had risen right up. The sea had also rushed into the low-lying parts of middle America from the Gulf of Mexico in the south and up through Texas, almost cutting the country vertically in two. Millions of people had died right across the planet.

It was not until April 1984 that Snow and Wambach were able to conduct their third progression, but in this session they established more details. The major problems had been triggered in March 1998 by the massive volcanic eruption of Mount Fuji in Japan. In America this had caused widespread problems of flooding especially in southern California, and major panic, but many people had been evacuated to higher ground and the government – which was still in control – was insisting that the worst was over. They were wrong. In May of that year the real event took place, a huge quake in southern California, as well as massive disruption in other parts of the world. Even the survivors could no longer trust the government, which lost all control. The sun did not return for months, and all the crops at the ranch withered and died.

When asked in this same session to move forward to a time when things were getting better, Snow progressed to late 2002. He was making the journey to somewhere in Alberta in western Canada to work with another spiritual survivor group, who had retained more technology because their part of the world had been less affected. In fact, possibly as a result of Cayce’s predicted pole shift, the climate there had become more temperate, and there were several thousand survivors in this group, although they still lived in lightweight and temporary structures for fear of further tremors causing collapse. They wanted him to make radio broadcasts encouraging people to develop and use their spiritual talents, on account of his voice having special qualities that helped people to open up psychically.

Wambach worked with five other subjects individually to see whether they would confirm Snow’s predictions. His reports of their progressions are insufficiently detailed for us to gain any real insight into the extent of their corroboration, but in general it seems they too saw increasingly severe climate problems leading to a major catastrophe some time in the late nineties. It also seems that most of them had died by the time of the new millennium.

What are we to make of all this? Admittedly some people are becoming more and more preoccupied with climate change and increasingly erratic weather patterns – with great debate surrounding whether these changes derive from man-made global warming or, for example, solar flares and sunspot radiation whose fluctuations have always affected our planet. But, for example, no major financial collapse has begun yet, over five years after 1998, despite many other commentators continually warning of impending doom. Nevertheless, in his prologue Snow uses the failsafe gambit that ‘I would be the first to agree that the exact timing of individual future events is by far the least reliable aspect of precognition, prediction and prophecy’. So might he still be proved right at some point?

Another aspect we cannot escape is the similarity of Snow’s predictions to those made by Cayce. Not only is the date of 1998 ‘confirmed’ but also – despite his details of events in other parts of the world being sketchy – he specifically mentions, for example, the bulk of Japan falling into the sea. He devotes considerable time to discussing Cayce’s predictions in his book, and openly indicates Wambach’s prior knowledge of them – for example, one of her group progression workshops was actually conducted at the Association for Research and Enlightenment in early 1983, and over two hundred Cayce followers attended. So, although he is somewhat reticent on this point, it is only reasonable to suggest that he too probably knew about them, and that in large part his imagination was creating a future fiction based on them. Unfortunately this conclusion is bolstered to the extent that his ego may have been at play in giving him a future role of some importance.

We do not know about the extent to which prior knowledge may have influenced the other five subjects. Indeed we are not provided with detailed transcripts from any of Snow’s or the other subjects’ sessions, but we cannot discount the additional possibility – normally rare with regressions – that Wambach to some extent subjectively led them on with her questioning. We will discuss to what extent they may have been seeing any sort of ‘real’ future later, but for now I must make a vital distinction so that I am not accused of adopting double standards. If these are not real lives as such then, unlike past lives, the subjects would be far more susceptible to subjective and leading questioning. It might even be possible that Wambach projected her own preconceptions about the events of the late nineties to her subjects without saying anything at all, just by telepathy.

Group Expectations of Catastrophe

Despite these various objections, to dismiss all this lightly would still be a mistake. And although it is not directly relevant to the issue of hypnotic progression, I would now like to consider the extent to which our expectations might influence the future. We know that our thoughts and intentions as individuals have great power to influence our lives in either a repetitive or a progressive way. Positive thinking does work, but so does its negative counterpart. And Snow himself hints that if a significant proportion of the human population is expecting something to happen then they might just make it happen via the mechanism of the collective unconscious – or, as I would prefer to call it, group karma. So are there definite trends in new age consciousness that might have an impact on our collective future?

Galvanized as Wambach clearly was by the Cayce readings, many other people do associate worldwide catastrophes with a new spiritual dawn. In fact, rather like the Hindu concept of ‘world cycles’ of degeneration, destruction and reemergence, she regarded them as regular cyclic events – although tying them into precessional cycles of a little less than 26,000 years that are then subdivided into twelve astrological ages of approximately 2160 years each, all of which are far shorter than those in the Hindu view. Snow himself devotes a whole chapter to this idea, tying the great flood that supposedly occurred some 12,500 years ago during the age of Leo into a prediction of a similar event around about now during the transition to the age of Aquarius – at the halfway point of the precessional cycle. However his attempts to prove this is a genuine cycle of more than two events fall somewhat short, relying on various native traditions of multiple ages of man that arguably have little archaeological, geological or other scientific evidence to back them up. Moreover, with greater or lesser degrees of relevance he uncritically quotes material from researchers such as Zecharia Sitchin in respect of supposed twelfth planets and cosmic collisions, and Peter Lemesurier in respect of the Great Pyramid’s internal geometry supposedly acting as a predictive timeline of the future of the human race. Because I have spent considerable time demonstrating the poor scholarship behind these ideas in my previous books, I have no intention of repeating the arguments here.

Despite these additional reservations, and although my reasoning is somewhat different, I too tend towards the view that catastrophes and spiritual awakening are closely linked, except not in a regular cyclic way. As I mentioned briefly in the introduction, one of the main themes of my last book, Genesis Unveiled, was that the ancient texts and traditions all around the world suggest that there was a huge catastrophe around 11,500 years ago, brought on by humanity’s increasing focus on materialism at the expense of their true spiritual roots. I argued that although in a natural sense this catastrophe was precipitated by an asteroid or comet impact of some sort, from an underlying spiritual perspective it was a karmic event working off the universal karma of humanity as a whole – and that the destruction effectively gave us a fresh start to try and get it right. I also argued that the esoteric wisdom displayed in these same ancient texts – concerning, for example, cosmology and the formation of the universe – precluded the materialistic explanation that they were written by philosophically primitive people who, having experienced a major catastrophe, automatically assumed that the gods were blaming them for some misdemeanor. I then concluded that in treading a path we have been down before we have failed again, and so may well face the same karmic consequences. I was not specific about dates or possible natural causes, or even that such an event would definitely occur – after all, karma is all about choice whether applied to the individual or on a more universal scale, which is another reason why I reject any predictable cyclic element to catastrophes. But I did argue that it was a definite possibility that was worth considering.

I should emphasize that I do not long for a return to the past, or at least I am not against technological progress per se inasmuch as I strongly suspect that it is an unavoidable and ethereally anticipated part of humanity’s evolution. What I am extremely concerned about, as are so many others, is our obvious failure to integrate technological progress with our spiritual birthright, so that the two are maintained in balance. On top of this, in my private discussions I repeatedly agonize about whether the reinstatement of a universal spiritual worldview that I so wish for can ever be brought about without some major collapse to break the stranglehold of self-interested and ruthless global power brokers – who may stop at nothing to protect the status quo.

So we must still ask whether a major catastrophe may not indeed be precipitated if a sufficient proportion of the world’s population merely expect it to happen – whether or not they agree with me that we mightdeserve or even need it as well. These expectations were running mighty high in the run up to 1998, with the fast-approaching new millennium of the Christian calendar also playing its psychological part. Those key points have now passed without the predictions of catastrophe coming to fruition. But, showing admirable fluidity, plenty of people have now switched their allegiance to a slightly later date for the coming of the age of Aquarius – this being feasible because it is virtually impossible to pinpoint the transition from one age to another with any accuracy due to the poorly defined boundaries between the zodiacal constellations. Many also couple this with, for example, Mayan calendrical predictions focused on the year 2012 – although in their original form these seem to be at least as much about spiritual awakening as they are about any form of catastrophe.

Perhaps the increasingly erratic weather and climate changes we have seen developing over recent decades, whether man-made or not, are indeed a sign of things to come. Perhaps we are ready for a major spiritual awakening, which does need a major catastrophe to precipitate it and to strip out all the deadwood of materialism. Or perhaps by choosing a more spiritual path of our own volition humanity can avoid the need for such a catastrophe. Or, then again, maybe this is all so much new age hype, and the struggle between materialism and spirituality will continue on for centuries with no major resolution one way or the other. Perhaps, even, I am completely mistaken about group karma, and a natural catastrophe may occur that has nothing to do with spiritual reawakening. There are numerous possibilities, and I do not even begin to have any definitive answer as to which is most likely. But I will have more to say about the bigger picture that encompasses such discussions at the end of this chapter.

Group Progressions to the Twenty-Second and Twenty-Fourth Centuries

Let us now consider progressions into the more distant future. As I indicated earlier, from the outset in 1980 Wambach also worked on progression with groups of subjects, just as she had in her regression research. She offered them a hypnotic journey to a choice of any one of five time periods: three past ones before 1900, and two future ones of 2100 or 2300 – which, being beyond any subject’s current lifespan, would hopefully minimize any potential psychological blockages. With two of the five options involving progression then, all other things being equal, the assumption at the outset was that at least forty per cent would experience the future rather than the past. In fact, given that on average over sixty per cent of group subjects indicated a biased interest in progressing rather than regressing when questioned before the sessions, and given that one might expect current population expansion to continue, she hoped that the figure would be more like fifty per cent. But that was not what happened. She consistently found that only between five and seven per cent of the subjects in each group progressed to 2100, and another eleven to fifteen per cent to 2300.

Although Wambach did evaluate other possible explanations, she could not avoid the conclusion that this unexpectedly small percentage of progressions was caused by the catastrophes before the new millennium that both Cayce and her individual subjects had predicted. Far fewer humans would be on the planet and so far fewer souls would be incarnate at these points. This would also explain why nearly twice as many were going to the more distant time period, at which point the population would presumably be recovering somewhat. From this perspective her group data might seem to support the fact that a significant catastrophe is indeed on the way, although we must allow for the probable existence of a considerable number of other mostly unforeseen variables that might have an impact on her data.

Wambach conducted several dozen of these group workshops right across America from 1980–4, while a number of identical sessions were held by an associate, psychologist Leo Sprinkle from the University of Wyoming. Wambach unfortunately passed away quite suddenly in 1985, so Snow himself was left with the job of collating the results. More than this, however, because he had by now left his former job and qualified as a hypnotherapist himself, he performed a number of similar group sessions from 1985–7 in both America and France – although in these his subjects were primarily offered the chance to go to 2100 rather than 2300. In his analysis he differentiates between his own findings and those obtained earlier by Wambach and Sprinkle, but for our purposes they display sufficient similarities that we can concentrate on the combined results.

Despite the small percentages that progressed rather than regressed, and the fact that a small proportion of the progression data sheets were too incomplete to form part of a proper analysis, Snow was left with a total of nearly four hundred progressions to study. As Wambach had previously in her regression studies, he commenced with an analysis of future life sex, which more or less showed a fifty-fifty split between male and female in both future periods, despite their being as usual a far greater proportion of currently female subjects in the groups. He is right to argue that this is again indicative of the validity of the experiences – remember that the group subjects were not in therapy, so that if we can infer they were more likely in the progressive stage then they would be less likely to favor one sex over another for their incarnations. Interestingly, about five per cent of subjects reported they were androgynous in 2100, with this figure rising to six per cent in 2300 – a factor that is clearly absent from past-life regressions. By asking how old subjects were when they died in their future lives he also established that, although there were some significant individual and collective extensions, average life spans in both periods seemed to be more or less consistent with today.

But by far the most interesting aspect of Snow’s analysis was the emergence of different types of life experience that were broadly speaking common to both future periods. He categorized these into Type I, which involved living in a traveling spaceship, a space station or a colony on another planet; Type II, which involved living in spiritually evolved, new age communities in predominantly mountain or coastal environments on earth; Type III, which involved living in usually enclosed, high-technology, city environments on earth; and Type IV, which involved living a relatively backward life usually in small rustic communities on earth.

The totals for each type in each period are shown in the table, and I will summarize a few of Snow’s more pertinent findings about each. If we start with the progressions to 2100 or thereabouts, as we might expect the Type II experiences seemed to be by far the most pleasant and fulfilling. Part of their spiritual development was to coordinate their limited use of technology with their natural environment – there being a suggestion that they were able to maintain their pleasant habitats by their spiritual approach, while many other parts of the planet remained virtually uninhabitable. Their diet consisted of natural fruits and vegetables, and their average life spans had increased to over ninety years of age. A few reported that they used telepathy to communicate, and that they could ‘vacate’ their bodies if they chose once their life tasks were completed. The Type IV’s also experienced largely pleasant and uncomplicated lives, but their distinguishing factor was the absence of any spiritual emphasis, an almost complete lack of technology, and a reversion to relatively backward nineteenth-century style living in small communities – usually in a rural or small town environment, but occasionally in ruined cities.

The Type I and III experiences were linked inasmuch as high-technology cities on earth still acted as the home base for many of the space travelers. Both types indicated that contact and cooperation with extraterrestrials was commonplace. And although a degree of continuation of a family-style life was reported by both, and the Type I’s tended to be slightly more fulfilled by their scientific work, many of these subjects also reported boredom, isolation and loneliness, brought on it seems by the dominance of technology in their environments. Type III’s especially emphasized the extent to which mere survival seemed to be the name of the game in their cold and mechanical society, in which art, literature and other humanistic aspects seemed almost completely absent. Most reported that if they left their enclosed cities there was no greenery or vegetation, and that they had to wear full breathing apparatus because the atmosphere was poisonous – as well as suits that protected them from the sun’s radiation – and that if these failed they died. Their purely functional domed cities were often built partially underground, or even underwater.

The progressions to 2300 and beyond were in many ways similar. The proportion of Type I’s had increased, especially as a result of human colonization of planets outside our solar system. Although domed structures were often mentioned in these reports, in many cases it seems the planets had a similar atmosphere to earth and vegetation was commonplace. While the lives of the Type 1’s in spaceships, space stations and enclosed colonies on planets within our solar system continued to be somewhat lonely in many cases, those on planets in other parts of the galaxy were more family-oriented and fulfilling, and also in many cases spiritual. The lives of the Type II’s had continued much as before except in some cases the relatively small community settlements had expanded into major population centers with more modern technology, but without losing their fundamental spirituality. There were hints from some that their higher vibrational state had made them less densely physical, and extraterrestrial contacts for these people often had a strong spiritual dimension.

Although considerably more than half of the Type III’s continued to live in enclosed cities because of the still-polluted atmosphere, a change was detectable in that a significant minority reported the atmosphere in their part of the globe was safe. These latter also reported that their lives were more fulfilling, and it seems that they were living in a far less harsh, more humane and even spiritual environment. Snow suggests that a process of convergence between the Type II’s and III’s was at least partially under way by this point, and in fact I am not at all sure why he did not categorize these more spiritual Type III’s living in unpolluted environments as Type II’s in the first place. Meanwhile, apart from an apparent increase in the size of their communities, the rustic Type IV’s lives seemed pretty much unchanged. From a general perspective it seems that by this time attitudes to death had changed completely, with most people fully realizing it was just a transition to another state. As a result reports of choosing to leave a body that was worn out, or because all tasks for that life had been accomplished, were commonplace among all types.

What are we to make of these group progressions? Many of the Type II’s, III’s and IV’s from both time periods reported living in various still-identifiable parts of the globe that overlap considerably. Is it possible that the members of two of these groups could be quite happily living in pollution-free environments while, at the same time and perhaps only a few hundred miles away, those in the other did not dare to emerge from their domes without protective suits and helmets? Somehow I doubt it, which must at the very least cast some doubt on the extent to which these can all be regarded as genuine glimpses of the future. The only solution would be if the Type III’s were mistaken and were actually, like the Type I’s, living in colonies on other planets and not earth. But this is pure conjecture on my part.

Snow himself seems to be quite ambivalent about the extent to which we should regard these as genuine lives. On the one hand, he emphasizes that the equal distribution of the sexes supports the view that they are genuine and not just based on fantasy projection. And he backs this up with the argument that only a relatively small percentage of group subjects progressed into new age lives, even though we might reasonably expect that the sort of people who would attend such workshops would have a far greater than average desire to see humanity evolving in a spiritual direction. But on the other hand he seems to go along with a plethora of supposedly extraterrestrial channelings of recent decades that suggest that humanity is facing a critical time in its history and must make a choice between spiritual evolution and apocalypse – which stands in direct contrast to the idea that the two might go hand in hand that we discussed earlier. This suggests that he does not regard all these progressions as genuine, at least in any fixed, deterministic sense, and that the apparent mutual exclusivity of the two types of atmospheric environment encountered on earth represent at least two alternative futures: one apocalyptic, the other spiritual. So, despite a certain lack of coherence in his arguments, it seems that he does favor the idea that these are ‘mass dreams’ of the future that are not fixed and unchangeable. As to my own view, that will have to wait until the end of the chapter.

Individual Progressions into Future Lives

Apart from Wambach, most of our pioneers hardly mention hypnotic progression. But in Journey of SoulsMichael Newton emphasizes the vagueness of any impressions his subjects have received from the future:

The opposite of past-life regression is post-life progression, which enables some subjects to see snatches of the future as incomplete scenes. For instance, some have told me earth’s population will be greatly reduced by the end of the twenty-second century, partially due to adverse soil and atmospheric changes. They also see people living in odd-looking domed buildings. Details about the future are always rather limited, due, I suspect, to built-in amnesia from karmic constraints.

He adds a few more details in Destiny of Souls:

While in the ring people are not able to view events into the future beyond the next immediate life span of the bodies presented to them. Evidently, this might cloud the way souls see the lives they are viewing. Taking my cue from this spirit world practice, I prefer not to work with progression in hypnosis except in spiritual screening rooms [that is, the ring]. Once in a while, in conjunction with something else under discussion out of the ring, a subject will get brief flashes of scenes where they are participating in a future event, such as being on a starship. I usually don’t push for more information here. Moreover, these flashes of future existences are mercurial since people may only see a single possibility that could change when the time actually arrives, owing to a whole host of new circumstances and decisions based upon the timelines of history leading up to these events.

Clearly Newton has actively avoided progressing his subjects, precisely because he regards any results as far too open to change to be of any value, and this seems to be the general consensus among pioneering regressors. So as far as I am aware the only other researcher to have consistently experimented with progression is Bruce Goldberg. His scientific background meant he had no particular interest in reincarnation until he began to read about past-life regression while at dental school. After graduation he took a course in clinical hypnosis, with the idea of using it to reduce anxiety or as an alternative to anesthetic, but when subsequently asked to regress an acquaintance into her past lives he immediately became convinced of the reality of reincarnation. So in 1976 he set up a joint dental and hypnotherapy practice in Baltimore, while some time later in 1984 he also gained a qualification in counseling psychology, before moving his practice to Los Angeles in 1989.

In his 1982 book Past Lives, Future Lives Goldberg discusses a number of the important themes that we have discussed separately: the transition to the interlife assisted by guides and other soul mates, with us at least initially seeing what we expect to see; the life review with guides and elders involving the akashic records; choosing and planning the next life with guides, elders and other linked souls; the ideas of group and progressive karma, and of free will to ignore interlife advice and plans; and the absence of punishment in hell or by reversion to animal form. However, only the ideas of group and progressive karma and of non-reversion to animal lives are definitively placed in the context of his own regression research. The rest are only introduced under the heading ‘popular explanations of karma and their basic principles’. It is because of this doubt about the extent to which he was merely summarizing the interlife findings of other pioneering researchers rather than his own that I have not previously included his work alongside theirs.

He also provides a number of detailed case studies of regression, the most extraordinary of which involved two patients who, he reports, came to him quite separately and were completely unknown to each other. The first, Arnold, recalled the life of Thayer, an apprentice to a master guildsman called Gustave in Bavaria in the twelfth century. Thayer was brutalized by his master, who completely denigrated him at work, kept him chained up like a slave at home, and took his frustrations out on him not only violently but sexually as well. He also thwarted Thayer’s potential romance with a well-bred local girl called Clotilde. Eventually Thayer snapped, and in trying to murder his master was stabbed and killed himself. The second patient, Brian, came to see Goldberg about eighteen months later. Incredibly he regressed into the life of Gustave, and confirmed all the main names, dates and events – albeit that, as one would expect in any such account, his perspective on certain aspects was slightly different. Arnold reported that he knew Clotilde as his current sister-in-law, but did not know Gustave in this life, while Brian was not asked the same question. Despite this apparently incredible synchronicity, Goldberg decided that it was not his karmic role to introduce the two.

If we turn now to Goldberg’s experience with what he describes as ‘hundreds’ of progressions, he accepts that many people are fearful of them and that this in itself acts as a block, making them much less easy to initiate than regressions. He also indicates that even when subjects are progressed, their experiences are far less stable than in regressions, and tend to swap from one scene to another without warning or continuity. As to why he experiments with them at all, he argues that the past, present and future are all happening now, so that in some cases progressions can have as much therapeutic effect as regressions. He accepts that karma involves choice, and that to some extent this might act as a further intrinsic block, but also insists that ‘if we weren’t supposed to know the future, progressions simply wouldn’t work’. We will return to these issues later, but for now we might note that he summarizes the future of life on earth over the next five centuries based on these cases, and his summary does not seem to correlate with the Cayce predictions of catastrophe – and remember that at the time Goldberg was writing, 1998 was still some years away. Instead, Goldberg’s patients predict that a major nuclear war will decimate the population, but not until the twenty-fifth century, after three hundred years of world peace.

As part of his desire to see hypnotic regression demonstrated on television, Goldberg worked with a presenter from his local network in 1980. But when the following year this subject indicated a willingness to explore progression into the future as well, he decided that the best way to try to prove its validity would be to take him forward one week and look at the news he would be presenting. In two sessions he came up with six news items that on subsequent checking proved to have some validity, although any skeptic would point out that at least some of the items might have been expected to happen anyway – such as house fires, road accidents and political developments. But while in most of these cases few details were provided, in some they were sufficient to seem impressive. A balanced view would be that the information was by no means foolproof, but may have been more accurate than pure guesswork or chance. Of course, one thing that everyone wants to know is, if it is possible to look into the near future, why do people not do it to predict lottery numbers and so forth? The standard response to this is that karmic dynamics do not allow for such greed-motivated activity, so such details would be blocked.

One case in which Goldberg felt that progression had a therapeutic effect was that of Janet, a dietician who came to him suffering from low self-esteem after the break-up of a relationship – one in a long line of bad experiences with partners, apparently caused by her choosing the wrong sort of men who regularly cheated on her. Two past-life regressions revealed some repetitive group karma between Janet, her most recent ex-partner, and his ex-wife to whom he had returned. But Goldberg wanted to go further, and to take her into the future. So he progressed her to an apparent life in the year 3015 – considerably further ahead than any of the other cases we have studied so far – where she described her life as a confident, assertive and successful scientist on another planet, who ended up having a highly successful relationship with one of her senior colleagues who was unknown to her in her current life.

Goldberg reports that Janet subsequently became more self-confident and gained a far more suitable partner. But he also asserts that it was her progression more than her regressions that led to this improvement, because it assured her that by that time in the future she had worked out her karma with her ex-partner in that he was no longer present. However, he provides no details of how many sessions he had with her, and he certainly does not indicate that, for example, he only took her into the future because she had failed to respond to past-life therapy alone. Indeed, I suspect that the karmic ties revealed by her regressions would probably have satisfied most of our pioneers in terms of their therapeutic benefits. Nor does he allow for the fact that her ex-partner might simply have been absent from that particular future life. So, all in all, his suggestion that the progression itself had significant therapeutic effect is somewhat unproven. Having said that, if it were clear to any of us that our current problems were definitely going to be resolved by the time of a future life, it would almost certainly make us feel better. But can such guarantees really be given? Would they not act as a short cut to violate the basic concept of ongoing choices dictating future events? We will return to this issue shortly.

The case that I want to examine in some detail is that of another patient called Pete. He came to Goldberg with a hand-washing obsession, something he readily recognized as a clinical psychologist himself, and which he said was related to an intense but apparently illogical fear of contamination. He was regressed into three past lives that again threw up details pertinent to his compulsion, and this time Goldberg indicates that his symptoms were starting to be alleviated after these sessions. Nevertheless, in the next session Pete progressed into his next life, and it appears this was spontaneous rather than as a result of a deliberate instruction by Goldberg. He found himself as a young man called Ben Kingsley attending a high-school physics class in Tulsa, Oklahoma in the year 2074. He reported that his father was a psychiatrist, his mother an architect, and that he had a loving and stable family background. The only problem was that he had a tendency to lose his temper, and was being treated for it by one of his father’s colleagues. This was an especially sensitive issue because he wanted to work as a technician at the local nuclear power plant, and if his problem was revealed his hopes would be dashed. So his father ensured that it stayed off the record.

Ben’s life progressed well. He went to work at the plant, fell in love, married, had children and gained increasing responsibility in his job. He was something of a workaholic, but even this did not seem to be a problem for him or his family. His temper tantrums had not surfaced for some years, and his psychiatric treatment had been discontinued. Goldberg kept progressing him forwards in that life, probing for further causes of his current problems, and it must be said that his commentary is illuminating. He was clearly adamant that Ben’s temper problems would resurface at some point, even though the patient himself was equally adamant that they were under control – and understandably expressed some irritation that Goldberg should keep coming back to them. From the transcripts one could certainly argue that Goldberg was leading his patient far more than most of our pioneers would, based on his own subjective judgment of the situation and his desire to find an incident related to the current compulsion. One might even use the term ‘bullying’ to describe the tone of his questioning, and as we will see there are other examples of this in his work.

In any case, his relentless pursuit appeared to pay off when eventually Ben found himself alone one night at the nuclear research facility that he by now headed. His calculations contained a mistake that produced an emergency he could not control. Apparently unable to accept his failure, instead of requesting assistance he went into meltdown himself. He knocked a security guard unconscious, sealed off the unit, and let it blow up. Not only did he kill himself and the rest of the skeleton crew, but the surrounding area was heavily contaminated by the blast. After death, he realized his stupidity. But, more tellingly, Goldberg had apparently uncovered the major cause of his current compulsion.

But that is not the end of the story. Clearly this was a highly negative scenario that hardly inspired Pete to look forward to his next life as Ben. Nevertheless Goldberg had an answer for this as well, and it was based on certain assumptions he makes about the way in which different spiritual planes operate. He separately describes five lower vibrational planes – the physical, astral, causal, mental and etheric – and seven higher ones, and states that we cannot progress from one to another until we have raised our vibrational rate sufficiently. This bears some resemblance to Qabalistic ideas, although his descriptions fall well short of providing a coherent practical framework in my view. In any case, with even less discernable logic he then suggests that any future life has five alternative frequencies that apparently correspond to the lower planes: these are then labeled very bad, below average, neutral, above average and excellent. Nevertheless, they all share the same basic patterns in terms of family circumstances, key people and so on. So all he had to do was progress Pete through his four alternative-frequency lives and let him choose the one he liked best – in this case, not surprisingly, one in which he did not go into meltdown along with the research facility, and lived on happily. According to Goldberg, merely ‘programming’ Pete to this ‘ideal frequency’ was sufficient to finally alleviate all his problems.

It will perhaps be obvious by now that I have certain doubts about the reliability of Goldberg’s work. These stem from other issues as well, which I must mention before we can draw any proper conclusions. For example, if I have understood him correctly he reports that he had performed of the order of 25,000 regressions and progressions by the time he published this first book in 1982. This seems a great many in only about six, or at the most seven, years. Even if he worked seven days a week and took no holidays, it would require him to encounter of the order of ten different past or future lives with his subjects every single day throughout that period – and even if this were possible, one wonders where he got the time to simultaneously carry on with his dental practice. The only pioneer who comes even close to this degree of activity is Edith Fiore, but her report of 20,000 regressions was achieved in some twelve years of full-time dedication. It is therefore only reasonable to suggest that Goldberg might be somewhat prone to exaggeration.

It is also clear that he is something of a self-publicist who consistently sought television and other media exposure at the earliest opportunity. I do not automatically denigrate such an approach – indeed I applaud his efforts to gain further public exposure for the benefits of hypnotic regression – but I cannot help but report that his whole demeanor appears somewhat different from that of most of our pioneers. A further example of this is related to my earlier suggestion of his occasional bullying tone, when we find that in another case he had apparently regressed a patient to his time as a ‘light being’ with a higher than normal vibrational rate, and the patient had questioned Goldberg’s authority to interrogate him about what he was doing while in some sort of apparent interlife state. As a result Goldberg issued this threat: ‘It is your function to report your progress to me at this time. Your vibrational rate will be altered downward if you don’t cooperate.’ This is hardly the sort of respectful approach to sensitive issues adopted by most of our pioneers.

Worse, though, was my personal experience with him. Despite these other reservations, I was deeply troubled by his work. Although most other commentators summarily reject hypnotic progression as far less reliable than regression, it was clear to me that the level of detail emerging in many of his progression case studies was just as impressive as that contained in the best past-life regressions – Pete being an obvious example. He identified key dates, the names of all key people in his life, and even the detailed names of the different units at his research facility. So how could I reject them like other commentators without being guilty of double standards?

Yet if I were to accept them I would have even greater problems, because I do not find Goldberg’s suggestion that karmic free choice is maintained by having the choice of five alternative frequencies for future lives at all persuasive. For him these alternatives still share the same basic circumstances in terms of parents, environment and other key people and interactions. But, according to our interlife pioneers, these are exactly the things we choose as probabilities only for the life we are about to enter – that is, effectively, the current one. To fix them for all future lives as well would drastically reduce, indeed completely minimize, the extent to which ongoing events, actions and decisions would have an impact on our choices of future lives – in fact, it would border on predetermination. Even Pete, discussing his life in the late twenty-first century, was progressing at least one life in advance. And even though we are given no details of her other future lives we can only assume that Janet, in progressing over a thousand years ahead, was going far farther than this.

It is precisely because this issue is so important that I have spent some time discussing my general reservations about Goldberg’s work. It is also why I wrote to him expressing these concerns, and asked him in the politest possible terms whether he felt he could shed any further light on this important conundrum that his research had raised. His somewhat curt response was as follows:

I suggest you read my later books Custom Design Your Own Destiny and Time Travelers from Our Future for answers. Check my homepage for fees and procedures for consults. I charge for my time.

I was somewhat taken aback at this insistence that he charges for his time, when I was clearly asking a research question related to my own book rather than requesting therapeutic assistance. Moreover, subsequent investigation of his own summaries on his website and various less than positive reviews gave me no confidence that these two further books would be at all relevant to my enquiry. So again I responded politely but pressed him on the important point. His reply was again a curt one – that being so ‘cheap’ as to not buy his other books would not ‘win me any friends in this or any other field’. At this point I must admit that I sent him a rather stronger-worded reply, not to continue a pointless disagreement but as a last attempt to elicit some sort of meaningful response to my question. And, given that being polite had not worked twice, I changed tack and goaded him that if he did not attempt to answer my question I would have to assume that it was because he could not. This did indeed elicit a reply, but not one that I expected even from someone who had been as unhelpful as he already had. I will not reproduce it in full, but suffice to say that he called me some rather rude names, accused me rather strangely of trying to ‘weasel free consults from him’ and, above all, resolutely refused to make any attempt to answer my question. Arguably this reveals more than anything else about the strength and validity of his arguments about how progressions operate.

I would not normally raise such issues, but as I have already suggested Goldberg’s findings would clearly have serious implications for karmic choice – which is, after all, the primary theme of this book – if they were completely reliable. The fact that they are so at odds with those of our pioneers, and that they may be somewhat less than reliable, are therefore of the utmost importance. That having been said, I still believe there is enough in Goldberg’s progression research to leave us with questions that deserve some sort of answer, even if I regard his own explanations as completely unsatisfactory. So I will now try to pull all this material together and offer some tentative conclusions.

Detailed but Changeable Futures

Snow discusses Einstein’s theory of relativity in some detail in what appears to be an attempt to suggest that time does not operate in a flowing linear fashion – that is from the past, through the present and intothe future. Goldberg does likewise, although by mere passing reference that suggests little real understanding. But I would argue that both are somewhat misrepresenting this theory. It is true that Einstein proved that space and time are not independent of each other and that, because light takes time to travel over long distances, events can only be described with complete accuracy by knowing the combined space-time coordinates of the observer. This is best illustrated over the massive distances encountered in outer space. To take the most extreme example, galaxies in the furthest reaches of our universe can now be detected by modern space telescopes. Because of their distance from us and the time it takes for the visible light they emit to get to us, what our astronomers are observing is the state of these systems as they were many billions of ‘light years’ ago – that is, much closer to the point when the physical universe came into being. But this does not imply that time does not flow as a linear phenomenon – it merely indicates that it can only be measured relative to the position of the observer.

Nevertheless, on the face of it this theory suggests that we cannot objectively define anything called ‘now’ because that moment is indeed relative to the observer. But this is a red herring for the type of analysis that is relevant here, especially because modern science – via the EPR experiment and Bell’s theorem for the technically-minded – has also proved beyond doubt that other forms of non-light-based communication occur not only faster than the speed of light but in fact instantaneously. So, for example, if I were sufficiently advanced to be able to develop a telepathic rapport with an extraterrestrial on a planet 10,000 light years away, and I asked them what they were up to now, they would not translate this into the context of visible light delays and try to tell me what they were doing all that time ago. Indeed, such an experiment would test their past-life memory to the full. Instead, they would understand that in the instantaneous world of telepathic communication their now is exactly the same as mine. So it is perfectly acceptable to use the concept of a universal ‘now’ when we are operating in areas that are clearly beyond the normal constraints of the visible, physical world.

On that basis I would propose that we think of time operating something like this. The past, present and future do exist as separate linear concepts, so that cause and effect do occur. However, there is a sense in which the future has already happened. Or perhaps it is better to say that a virtually infinite number of futures have already been envisaged, but not happened in any physical sense.

To understand what I mean by this, let us remind ourselves of Newton’s place of life selection. Let us imagine that we can freeze time at a particular now, when one particular soul is seeing the next life they might lead, and a number of major probabilities in that life, as if it was already happening. This represents the most likely outcome if they follow their life plan and recognize their various triggers, and so on. But we know that their life plan interacts closely with those of a number of other souls, to a greater or lesser extent. And the life plans of particularly more removed souls will interact with a completely different group of souls that must then be considered in this version of the future. In fact, especially now that we live in times of extensive global travel and communication, it is almost certain that we could extrapolate the connections in our original soul’s life plan to every other soul on earth. But these connections would not just stop when our original soul dies in that life. They would carry on into the future ad infinitum. And this future of life on earth would almost certainly at some point allow for space travel and colonization as a major probability, thereby connecting it to the future of every other inhabited planet in the universe.

In other words, the sum total of all the actions and decisions of all souls both incarnate and discarnate that have accumulated up to this particular point in time must by definition produce a ‘most probable’ future at that point. And we can see just how complex and all encompassing this version of the so-called future envisaged by the highly experienced souls who control the tapestry would have to be. I would suggest that this means there is a sense in which this future does already exist – in the exact detail that is seen by thetapestry controllers at the particular point in question. At this point, as Cannon’s subject confirms, the tapestry is there with all its threads interwoven, both from the past and into the future. We as individual souls are not experiencing that particular version of the future, and we never will. It will never happenexactly like this, but at our fixed point in time it nonetheless exists as a conception.

The real complexity occurs, however, as soon as we move away from this particular now and onto a new one. It is obvious that, even in the split second it has taken you to read the last few words, millions of decisions that were not part of people’s original life plans have just been made around the world. These effectively infinite and continuous adjustments to the tapestry are totally overwhelming to our mortal minds, but from all the evidence we have been given by our pioneers we must assume that they are well within the compass of the tapestry controllers. This process is arguably the closest we might get to understanding the real meaning of the common suggestion that all possible futures occur in parallel universes.

The Pre-eminence of Choice and Free Will

So what are the implications of this analysis? The past is indeed fixed, and cannot be altered. But the future is not. At any one now point there is only one version of the future that is most probable, but it changes almost instantaneously based on decisions taken by individual souls from moment to moment. I would argue that this means that at any now point a subject can be hypnotically progressed so that, with varying degrees of clarity, they see the most probable version of the future envisaged in the tapestry at that point in time.

However, this leaves us with no definitive explanation as to how subjects in the same group progression sessions could see apparently mutually exclusive atmospheric environments on earth in more or less the same place at more or less the same future time. On this issue I can only conclude that some other subjective factors come into play, perhaps related to the individual subjects’ own expectations and imaginations – which might be able to exercise more influence on some subjects’ visions of the future than on others, especially in a group rather than a one-on-one hypnosis environment. On this basis, for example, we might turn Snow’s previous conjecture right around, and argue that the albeit-significant minority of subjects who foresaw an unpolluted future in a new age or even rustic environment were the very ones who allowed their individual hopes to conquer the underlying realism of the connection that the other group subjects made with the tapestry at that point in time. But this is purely conjecture on my part, and nor do I want it to suggest that I am unduly skeptical – because I was as heartened as anyone by their hopeful visions of the future.

By contrast, what about Snow progressing to a consistent future in his current life over a number of sessions spanning nearly a year? We know that his vision of the future was inaccurate, at the very least as regards his timings. But where did his consistency come from? In this case I would argue either that his preconceptions from the Cayce readings subjectively dominated and distorted his visions, or that after he had ‘genuinely’ progressed once his experience formed a blueprint or imprint that dominated his future sessions – and acted as a block to viewing any alternative future. Or, perhaps, he was seeing his own thread in the tapestry all the way through, and it simply did not change much for the duration of his progression sessions. But, again, all of this is purely conjecture on my part.

So, in a more general sense, what does all this actually mean for us as individuals? I would suggest that it means virtually nothing. If as we have seen progressions only a few decades into the future are arguably rendered valueless by the changes to the tapestry in the interim, how much more valueless is any progression into our next life – let alone into lives several centuries or even millennia in the future? These future lives may have been envisaged in the tapestry at the time the progressions took place, but they have not been, nor will they ever be, individually experienced by the relevant subjects in genuine incarnation. These subjects have not loved, suffered, made mistakes and learned in them as they do in the lives they genuinely experience when the proper time comes. This is exactly why I believe that the evidence of life progressions does not contradict the fundamental assumption that underlies this book – that karma does indeed involve choice and not predestiny.

In fact Goldberg unwittingly supports this interpretation when he makes an important general observation:

It is interesting to note patients’ lack of emotions during future progressions. With rare exceptions, the scenes, no matter how horrible, are described with little reaction. Earthquakes, nuclear wars, accidental deaths, and so on, do not seem to bring out the same emotional response during progression as they do during past-life regressions. The reason for this is unclear.

I would argue that the reason for this is actually completely clear – and it is because the lives they are progressing into are only conceptions, and not genuine in any physical sense. Of course, this would tend to suggest that using progression as a therapeutic tool should have no value. Is this a feasible argument in the light of Goldberg’s experience? On the one hand, most patients like Janet go to a positive future life – although why she ended up so far in the future is entirely unclear. So the experience appears to have a positive impact, but this is arguably only a placebo and has no underlying validity. On the other, on those rare occasions when patients like Pete progress to an unpleasant future life, the therapy involves programming them onto a different vibrational frequency. Not only do I regard Goldberg’s suggestions concerning these highly similar alternative lives entirely unconvincing and contrary to the findings of all our pioneers, but I also regard his suggestion that merely reprogramming a patient to a more positive frequency – without them having to do any real work or learning for themselves – as a complete travesty. It seems there are very good reasons why our pioneers do not get involved in progression, particularly for supposed therapeutic purposes, and I would argue that any therapist like Goldberg who refuses to properly consider the real implications of what they are doing is treading on dangerous karmic ground.

To Snow’s credit, although as I previously suggested his arguments tend to meander back and forth and do not leave us with any real sense of coherence, he does make the following statement that I regard as highly perceptive:

What we see in such cases need not be considered a rigidly fixed and predetermined future but the most probable outcome of all the untold multitudes of already expressed choices of all the self-aware components of the Ultimate Reality.

This is undoubtedly consistent with the ideas I have put forward. And Joan Grant provides further support in her first autobiographical account of a past life, Winged Pharaoh, published in 1937 – with a poetic beauty far superior to anything I could achieve:

The past is fixed, that which has happened cannot be changed. But every action changes a future that is fluid and can be modified in a past that is lasting. Your next day or the next life you will be born in is like your mirrored image in a pool. At any moment you can check what the pool of your future looks like, but through your own free will you can make storms rage over it or make waves on its peaceful surface. That is why so few forecasts bear out.

All of that having been said, we must also consider the possibility that all progressions into the future – whether individual or in groups – are entirely based on imagination, and do not involve genuine access to the tapestry at all. This view would still mean that the tapestry does exist as I have described above, but it would satisfy those who feel that access to it must surely be denied – except to a limited extent in the place of life selection. Indeed, Cannon’s subject indicates that incarnate souls do quite regularly come to view the tapestry when meditating or asleep, but that looking at the future portion is not encouraged. Nevertheless, my own view is that Wambach’s and Snow’s finding concerning equal sex distribution in future lives does seem to reflect more than just imagination. Moreover, the impressive level of detail encountered in many individual progressions might also be thought to preclude complete fabrication.

Finally, it is fitting that we should return to the issue of what all this means for humanity as a whole. If we imagine our collective future as represented by the branches of the ubiquitous tree of life, one route through it may take us more or less directly towards the more spiritual existence that many think is our ultimate destiny. Another route may be much more tortuous and winding, but it may still, eventually, emerge into the light of the sun. But I do not think we can be foolish enough to ignore the fact that some branches will wither and die, trapped in dense foliage before they get to the sunlight. Because of choice and free will, these are all possible courses for the future of humanity. If we were to end up taking a dead end and destroying our magnificent planet it would be a terrible indictment on our ability to treasure our physical birthright. But, even then, most earth-connected souls would in all probability transfer over to other inhabited planets – to continue with the ultimate quest of the transcendent evolution of all souls, wherever their temporary physical home might be.

 

Source References

Cayce, Edgar, Edgar Cayce on Atlantis (Howard Baker, 1969): earth changes reading, chapter 6, pp. 158–9 (for an analysis of Cayce’s earth changes prophecies see also Johnson, Edgar Cayce in Context, chapter 3, pp. 81–5).

Snow, Chet, Mass Dreams of the Future (McGraw-Hill, 1989): personal progression, chapter 1; background to experiments with progression, chapter 2; inaccurate timings, prologue, p. xviii; cyclic linkage between catastrophes in ages of Leo and Aquarius, chapter 3; details of Cayce predictions, chapter 4; group progressions to 2100, chapters 5 and 6; group progressions to 2300, chapters 7 and 8; extraterrestrial contacts and channeling, chapter 10; discussion of issues in theoretical physics, chapter 9; references to karma, chapter 3, pp. 56–7; progressions as most probable future at that time, chapter 4, p. 94.

Lawton, Ian, Giza: The Truth (Virgin, 2000): analysis of Sitchin’s work, chapter 2, pp. 95–108; analysis of Lemesurier’s work, chapter 3, p. 157.

Lawton, Ian, Genesis Unveiled (Virgin, 2004): more on Sitchin’s work, chapter 3, pp. 53–4, chapter 9, pp. 168–9, chapter 14, p. 275 and chapter 16, p. 315.

Newton, Michael, Journey of Souls (Llewellyn, 2002): views on progression, chapter 12, p. 204.

Newton, Michael, Destiny of Souls (Llewellyn, 2003): more views on progression, chapter 9, pp. 362–3.

Goldberg, Bruce, Past Lives, Future Lives (Ballantine, 1993): background, chapter 2, pp. 13–14; the interlife, chapter 3, pp. 36–42; karma, chapter 3, pp. 25–33; Arnold and Brian cases, chapter 12; introduction to progression, chapter 14, pp. 134–5; nonlinear time, chapter 3, p. 44 and chapter 5, pp. 64–6; general predictions for earth, chapter 14, pp. 135–6; news item experiments with local reporter, chapter 15, pp. 137–41; Janet case, chapter 21; Pete case, chapter 22; spiritual planes, chapter 3, pp. 34–5 and 42–3; number of cases, chapter 3, p. 27; bullying example, chapter 7, p. 83; lack of emotion in progressions, chapter 14, p. 136.

Cannon, Dolores, Between Death and Life (Gateway, 2003): visits to, and viewing the future in, the Tapestry Room, chapter 5, pp. 71–4.

Grant, Joan, Winged Pharaoh (Harper, 1938): changeability of future, p. 130.

Concerning rebirth

by Dr. Granville Dharmawardena

Ph.D. (Cambridge) Melbourne, Australia

I read the reply written by Prof. Carlo Fonseka to my article on rebirth (

The Island

01/01/10). Prof Carlo has mixed up and shuffled most of the material in my article to make up a story of his own. He concocts a story of a love affair and says that the girl, whom he had never seen, started fainting attacks after the boy stopped coming. It’s a mix up in Prof. Carlo’s mind. What I said was that the girl first started fainting attacks, thereafter the boy used to come and touch her hand and later his parents stopped him from coming there. This mix up totally demolishes Prof. Carlo’s arguments.

Prof. Carlo refers to me as a chemist. It is true that I learned chemistry half a century ago. Prof. Carlo learned chemistry even before that. In that sense both of us are chemists. Both of us have not remained simple chemists since then. I qualified as a nuclear scientist, a psychologist and a hypnotherapist. Prof. Carlo also advanced a lot during that time. He has even spoken at political meetings and practiced politics. I was the only Sri Lankan scientist who had a research paper published in an international journal (American) while I was still an undergraduate student. I was the only Sri Lankan scientist who had the privilege of publishing a research paper in the very prestigious science journal The Nature and analysing the moon soil brought down to earth by Neil Armstrong. If I were a shoddy scientist, as Prof. Carlo tries to show, none of these would have been possible and Cambridge University would not have accepted me.

For Prof. Carlo, the case of the 14 - year - old girl is a case of a chemist practising medicine, but for a normal thinking person it’s a case of a hypnotherapist practising hypnotherapy. Prof. Carlo seems to have developed an imbalance in thinking.

Once Prof. Carlo sent a pregnant lady, who had a fear of going into a hospital to me to neutralise that fear. Did he send her because I was a chemist or because I was a hypnotherapist?

Once a lady doctor, working in the Colombo Hospital, came to me and told me that she had got married to a doctor, but was unable to consummate their marriage. Under hypnotic trance, she started crying and described how her uncle kept her on his lap when she was a child and fondled her body. She had got very frightened, at that time, and those fears had got deeply ingrained in her subconscious mind. Therefore, she could not allow anyone to access that part of her body and that was an involuntary reaction which was not under her control. For this reason, she never had boy friends and after marriage, she failed. After neutralising those fears she got over her problem and started normal married life. For Prof. Carlo it’s a case of a chemist practising medicine, but for a normal thinking person its a case of a hypnotherapist practising hypnotherapy.

Once a lady, who married for two years but unable to start sex life came to me. Under hypnotic trance she revealed that when she was a child a dog had bitten the upper part of her thigh and she got very frightened at that time. She was involuntarily not allowing anything approach that area of the body. After neutralising that memory she could start her sex life. Is it a case of chemist practising medicine?

Once a 14 - year - old boy who used to sweat and shiver whenever he passed a police station by foot, car or bus came to me. Under hypnotic trance, he revealed that in his past life he was a police inspector who got run over by a lorry while he was standing in front of his police station. Neutralizing that memory resolved his problem.

A Colombo University female medical student came to me with a very uncommon problem. She had got pregnant while she was still a virgin and that had psychologically devastated her. She explained how it happened and the boy responsible also came and spoke to me. Some sperms had seeped in through her virginity membrane and made her pregnant. I stabilized her psychologically so that she could continue her medical studies. Is it a case of a hypnotherapist practising hypnotherapy?

Once a Peradeniya medical student, who had failed exams because he had a fear of going to ward classes, came to me. After I neutralised his fear he could continue his medical education. For Prof. Carlo it’s a case of a chemist practising medicine.

A year 12 student came to me and told me that she wanted to do the GCE(A/L) exam and go into a medical school, but she had headaches and psychological disturbances. She wanted to get rid of them to start year-12 studies. I asked her to go to a meditation centre and do 10 days of meditation before I did anything. She came back two weeks later and told me that she had done 10 days of meditation under a well known Buddhist monk and all her problems disappeared as a result of meditation. Meditation teachers tell meditators that aches and pains will disappear when they continue meditation and that really happens. Meditation provides health benefits and this is well known. For Prof. Carlo these are cases of Buddhist monks practising medicine. For right thinking people they are Buddhist monks teaching Buddhist meditation. Psychology, counselling and hypnotherapy bring health benefits to subjects. For Prof. Carlo those are cases of psychologists, counsellors and hypnotherapists practising medicine.

After reading my article, Prof. Carlo had diagnosed that that girl was suffering form nothing but hysteria. That is the rational conclusion that he had reached. According to him, when a girl gets hysteria she automatically gets the ability to perform skills that she had never learned such as Bharatha dancing and Karate. According to him when a girl gets hysteria she can understand languages that she had never learned. In other words it is better to be hysterical than normal.

I clearly stated in my article that the 14 year girl’s case was was quoted as a simple example of rebirth and never said that it was scientific proof of rebirth. For scientific proof, I referred readers to my refereed scientific research paper. For scientific proof, one has to use cases that had been scientifically researched. I challenge Prof. Carlo to point out anywhere in my scientific research paper, a copy of which I had given to him at the time it was printed, where I have quoted that girl’s case.

In my article, I referred to my scientific research paper and a case of past life therapy which was done solely to bring relief to a suffering person. Prof. Carlo has mixed up those two. Prof. Carlo also mixes these up with religion. Scientific research involves scientifically studying natural phenomena and it is totally unscientific to mix them up with religion. According to Prof. Carlo the Buddhist teaching about rebirth is only hysteria. At the same time he also says that he believes in rebirth which means that he is not loyal to the teachings of his own religion. Generally we accept that people who are loyal to and abide by the teachings of their religions as good and trustworthy people.

There is a tremendous amount of mixing up on the part of Prof. Carlo. He was not like that when I knew him in Sri Lanka. It is most probably due to the loss of the enormous political clout he enjoyed when his kinswoman, CBK, was the President. He seems to need the help of a counsellor or a psychologist.

As for scientific acceptability, what is most valid is my refereed scientific research paper. But if what Prof. Carlo accepts are only statements made by people in the West and not published research papers, let me quote a few.

Prof. Brian Weiss who is an eminent past life therapist in the USA is the Professor of Psychiatry in the University of Pittsburg and the chief psychiatrist in a university affiliated hospital in Miami. He didn’t believe in rebirth and practised hypnotic regression only up to childhood. One patient, Catherine, a hospital technician in his hospital, changed his beliefs. Prof. Weiss describes Catherine’s condition before past life therapy as "She was suffering from fears, phobias, paralysing panic attacks, depression and recurrent nightmares. Her symptoms had been life long and worsening. After more than a year of conventional therapy she remained severely impaired. I felt she should have been more improved at the end of that time span (of psychiatric therapy)". I quoted verbatim from Weiss’ publications lest Prof. Carlo will diagnose her with these symptoms as mere hysterical.

Prof. Weiss’ hypnotised Catherine and tried to regress her to her childhood expecting the causes of her symptoms to be there, but she drifted to several past lives some as far back as 4000 years and described her experiences. This was his first past life therapy experience and he describes his immediate response to it as, "I was shocked and skeptical. I had hypnotized hundreds of patients over the years, but this had never happened before. I had come to know Catherine well over the course of over one year of intensive psychotherapy. I knew that she was not psychotic. did not hallucinate, did not have multiple personalities, not particularly suggestible and did not abuse drugs or alcohol. But something very unusual happened. Catherine’s symptoms began to improve dramatically and I knew that fantasy and dream like material would not lead to such a fast and complete cure."

Prof. Weiss had obtained a science degree before starting medical studies and had published over 40 scientific research papers on subjects relevant to psychiatry. Therefore, he has a scientific thinking mind. As a result, without dismissing Catherine’s experience as mere hysteria, he went on to studying what he did not know. He says, "After the shock subsided, I returned to the behaviour of a scientifically trained psychiatrist. I scoured the libraries and book stores for more information." He learned the subject he did not know and now he is an eminent past life therapist in the USA and a believer of rebirth.

Prof. Weiss says, "Throughout history, humankind has been resistant to change and to the acceptance of new ideas." This is more so in Sri Lanka where professionals and academics mostly depend only on knowledge acquired decades ago when they were studying abroad. When a new idea comes up they perform mental acrobatics within the old knowledge they possess and concoct some sort of story. A new subject like past life therapy cannot be discussed with decades old knowledge.

At the world conference on Hypnotherapy held in July 2009, in Sydney, where I was a participant, an eminent psychiatrist from the USA said that he had administered past life therapy to a lady who did not believe in rebirth, but he did not use the words life therapy’ or ‘rebirth’ because it could have hurt her belief. He had told her that he took her memories beyond birth because it helps to cure her symptoms and there was nothing more to it than that. A few months later, he met her, but did not talk anything about her therapy because past life talk might hurt her beliefs. But she told him that after her therapy she had studied the literature and became a believer of rebirth. Normally past life therapists and those who undergo past life therapy in Western countries become believers of rebirth because they read and pick up new knowledge without trying to interpret everything with their old knowledge.

Dr. Edith Fiore, a Clinical Psychologist in the USA, speaking at the Annual Conference of the Association of Past Life Research and Therapy held in Los Angeles, said, "Other therapies address the symptoms and leave the cause untouched. Past life therapy attacks the root cause. There isn’t a single physical problem that cannot be resolved by good past life treatment."

On the subject of rebirth, the English Psychiatrist, Dr. Arthur Guirdham, who also practices past life therapy, says." If I didn’t believe in reincarnation (rebirth) on the evidence I had received, I would be mentally defective"

The general tendency of people, who mix up matters due to various psychological conditions is to deny that they have something wrong. Once a middle aged lady telephoned and told me that she was ‘Viharamaha devi’ in a past life, she saved the country at that time, now it is necessary to save the country again and for that purpose she gave up her teaching job. She wanted me to hypnotise her and tell publicly that she was ‘Viharamaha devi". I asked her get one of her family members to call me. Her brother, who was a doctor, telephoned me and I told him that his sister was a schizophrenic and needed treatment. He said that he knew it, but she never accepts that she has a problem and it was impossible to take her to psychiatrist or get her to take any medicine. I asked him to send her to me and told her that in order to hypnotize her she must prepare for it and for that she must take some medicine and referred her to a psychiatrist. Before she went to him I telephoned him and told him about her. He treated her condition without telling her there was anything wrong with her but telling her that the medicine was to prepare her for hypnosis. That brought her condition under control.

Let me mention another interesting rebirth story. A pretty lady, in her mid-twenties, who is very famous in Colombo, came to see me and told me that she had a guilt in her mind. Let us call her Chick. Chick was two years married and she told me that she had the feeling that in her past life she had joined the 1971 riots and got killed by the Black Cats. All those had happened without the knowledge of her past life mother. She wanted to find her past life mother and go and apologize to her. Under hypnotic trance she revealed that in her past life she was a boy. Let us call him Chuck. Chuck had lived in Kegalle and at the age of 17 he had joined the JVP and taken part in the 1971 insurrection. He was at a JVP meeting in his school after school hours and when they were coming out after the meeting the Black Cats had shot and killed them all. Chick described the details of Chuck’s life including the identity and whereabouts of his mother and his girl friend. A boy who was known to Chuck is now a university professor and he confirmed what Chick said about Chuck. After that session, Chick went to Kegalle, met Chuck’s mother and apologized to her.

A very important, unknown phenomenon got revealed during Chick’s past life regression. I told her that it is very important because it is a new and unknown phenomenon in psychology and thereafter she described all the details of her present and past lives including private aspects of life. After his death in Kegalle Chuck (his astral body) had gone to a temple in Moratuwa to look for a mother to come back to this world. There he saw a two months pregnant lady and entered the female foetus in her uterus and she is Chick’s mother. Chuck has changed sex during rebirth. Chick’s husband also had changed sex during rebirth. He was a girl in his past life and a good friend of Chuck. Chick and her husband live happily and in harmony, but they have no sex life. She said that she intended to have sex few months later in order to have a baby. Thereafter, I researched into this phenomenon with many more people. A person who has changed sex during rebirth has much lower sexual desires than normal and if a person who had been very sexually active in the past life changes sex during rebirth that person most likely will drift into gay behaviour. A person who has changed sex during rebirth is not interested in sex and will shun marriage. Such people generally try to present themselves as good, well behaved and exemplary persons. Chick got married because she met a person who was her friend in the past life and because of that friendship they live peacefully and in harmony.

Past Life Regression

Accessing the memories from your past lives is as easy as accessing memories of anything you may have experienced few days ago, or few years ago. What holds any memory in your mind and your energy field are your emotions. If you think of any experience in this life, you may notice that those that were emotionally intense, significant or unique in any way, will be much easier to recall, than ordinary everyday experiences.

While some people are merely curious about exploring their past lives, from the therapeutic perspective, the main purpose of recalling past experiences is to help the person resolve issues that are creating obstacles in living one's life fully in the present. From therapeutic perspective, it doesn't even matter if the past experience is considered "real" or "imaginary". And if you really think about it, what happened yesterday or a year ago in your life, is no longer "real" in your present, it exists only in your memory - however, that memory may still be exerting a great influence, empowering or disempowering upon your present life. The value of each experience is in lessons it provides. Once they are learned, there is no more need for such experience to repeat, but until the lesson has been learned, the experience will tend to repeat itself in different forms.

When we feel stuck in life, when we feel hurt and upset because it seems that we are beset by some meaningless suffering, it helps to go back to the originating event, to get insight into the chain of events that lead to the problem and the lessons we weren't ready to learn then, and to use this opportunity we have now to finish the unfinished business.

Sometimes we may discover that the problem we are experiencing is not really ours, that the urges we may be experiencing, the challenges or even the apparent past life memories belong to someone else, to another consciousness or energy that has at some vulnerable time in our lives attached itself to us, intentionally or unintentionally. The scope of these foreign influences may be wide, varied and sometimes border on incredible, but on a simple level it may express even as hearing the voice of our parents and finding ourselves thinking or acting in a way that our parents would act. These foreign intrusions may be temporary and we may just find ourselves wondering how come we did something or have an urge to do something that doesn't feel at all like what we would normally do, or as if something strange came over us and caused us to do something that doesn't fit our character.

We are constantly influenced to a lesser or greater degree by others, and one way of clearing these foreign influences may be simply to affirm that anything that doesn't truly belong to you and is not part of your being leaves your mind, body and energy field, that it be either released into the Light, or that such influences return to sender. It is important to know that whenever we feel vulnerable, whenever we feel that something is missing in our lives, we are opening ourselves to foreign influences, and after we clear any extraneous influences, it helps to repeat the statement that we are now "whole and complete" and using the imagery of the Light to fill in any "holes" in our minds, hearts, bodies or lives.

Within the Light is the fulfillment of all desires and by consciously holding onto the image of Light, whatever may be missing in your life will tend to manifest itself spontaneously. If you have not had an experience of Life, or rather if you don't recall it, this fact may seem perhaps incredulous at first, but the memory of Light does exist within you, because it is what you are created of, and you do have the ability to recall it, if you so desire. Once you do experience the Light, you will KNOW the truth about you. It will not be an intellectual knowingness, but rather knowingness that will emerge from deep within you and it will feel more REAL than any other experience you may have ever had in your outer world. The initial imagery of the Light merely serves to stimulate and to trigger this knowingness from within you.

Sometimes when people trace the origin of their current problem, they may have a surprising experience of finding the cause in some "future" life, not in the "past" life. We are accustomed to look upon time and cause and effect sequence as running from the past toward the future, yet from the spiritual perspective all time is simultaneous, and the experiences of past and future lives may even be more appropriately looked upon as parallel lives. This may be easier to understand by simply being aware that in your mind you can be anywhere and anywhen - you merely need to direct your thoughts to a particular point in time and you are there. And if you have any metaphysical background, you may remember that the universe is mind-like in nature. The purpose of all of different past, future, parallel and possible lifetimes, simply being to realize your true nature, Oneness with all Life, by providing you with different learning experiences and different opportunities for learning what you need to learn. In a way it's like choosing a subject to learn and having many different books and tools at your disposal to learn and once you've learned what you needed to learn, no other tools or experiences are necessary any more, so some of these possible lifetimes become eliminated because they are not needed any more.

 

A Simple Method for Remembering Your Past Lives

A simple method of accessing your past lives is by intensifying the emotion that is at the core of the problem you are facing. You may begin by noticing where do you feel that emotion in your body. You may remember that your subconscious mind is not in your head, but expresses through every cell and atom of your body, and it's more appropriate to look upon it as an energy field that expresses through your body. Within it is contained the record of all of your experiences. The obstacle may experience as a tension, tightness, even pain or some illness in your body. You may also remember that your subconscious mind is the realm of emotions.

As an example, if you find yourself having difficulty breathing or experiencing anxiety in some particular situation, then you recall that situation. The next step is asking yourself if that emotion or sensation could speak now, what would it say, and just allow whatever wants to emerge from you to come out. It may be "I can't breathe" or "I'm terrified" or whatever.

Then you keep on repeating this phrase, until some images emerge with the memory of some experience when you felt that way before.

You can then trace this back to a time when you felt this way before, allowing your subconscious mind to bring out any memories attached to these feelings. And then go even further back, until you come to the original experience.

Deep Trance Now Past Life Regression Hypnosis Program is a basic past-life regression program intended to guide you through exploring the past life you need or desire to explore. It is not intended to guide you through working on any traumatic issues, but rather to introduce you to your past lives and guide you through gentle exploration.

Past Life Regression Deep Trance Now Hypnosis Programs